Robbins Ch. 3 Flashcards
What is the cellular infiltrate for acute inflammation?
neutrophils
What is the cellular infiltrate for chronic inflammation?
monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), calor (heat), and dolor (pain)
What are the 3 main components of acute inflammation?
1: dilation of small vessels leading to an increase in blood flow
2: increased permeability of the microvasculature
3: Emigrations of the leukocytes
What is vasodilation most notably mediated by?
histamine
Contraction of endothelial cells to increase vascular permeability is elicited by what?
Histamine, bradykinin, and leukotrienes
Other than contraction of the endothelial cells, what other mechanism causes increased permeability?
Endothelial injury
What act on endothelial cells of postcapillary venules to coordinated expression of E-selectins and ligands for L-selectins?
TNF and IL-1
What is firm adhesion mediated by?
integrins
Where are integrins found?
on leukocyte surface
What induces endothelial expression of ligands for integrins?
TNF and IL-1
What adhesion molecules present in the intercellular junctions between endothelial cells are involved in the migration of leukocytes?
CD31 or PECAM-1
What are the most common exogenous chemoattractants?
bacterial products including peptides that possess an N-formylmethionine
What are the main endogenous chemoattractants?
1: cytokines (IL-8)
2: Complement (C5a)
3: arachidonic acid metabolites (mainly leukotriene B4; LTB4)
What type of infection causes the cellular infiltrate to be dominated by continuously recruited neutrophils for several days?
Pseudomonas bacteria
In what type of infection might lymphocytes be the first cells to arrive?
viral
What type of reactions cause eosinophils to be the main cells to arrive?
allergic reactions
What is one of the most successful therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases?
block TNF