Robbins Ch. 1 Flashcards
Which histone residues can be methylated by specific writer enzymes?
Lysines and Arginines; in particular lysine associated with either transcriptional activation or repression
What histone residues are acetylated?
Lysine
What actylates histones and what does this do?
Histone acetyl transferase (HAT); open up chromatin and increase transcription
What deacetylates histones?
histone deacetylases (HDAC); condensation
What histone residues are phosphorylated?
Serine residues
What does DNA methylation typically result in?
transcriptional silencing
What enzyme trims primary miRNA?
DICER
Where are proteins destine for the plasma membrane or beyond sythesized and physically assembled?
RER; golgi
Where are proteins intended for cytosol synthesized?
SER
What phospholipid is on the inner membrane can be phosphorylated, serving as an electrostatic scaffold for intracellular proteins? can also generate DAG and IP3
phophatidylinositol
What phospholipid is usually on the inner membrane but when it flips to the outside it is an “eat me” signal for phagocytes?
phosphatidylserine
What phospholipid serves as a cofactor for blood clotting on platelets?
Phophatidylserine
What phospholipids are preferentially expressed on the extracellular face and are important in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, including inflammatory cell recruitment and sperm-egg interactions?
Glycolipids
What is the Transporter ATPase which pumps polar compounds (i.e. chemotherapetic drugs) out of cells and may render cancer cells resistant to treatment?
Multidrug resistance protein (MDR)
Familial hypercholesterolemia is due to a defect in what?
receptor-mediated transport of LDL
What type of cytoskeletal proteins have characteristic tissue specific patterns of expression that can be useful for assigning a cell of origin for poorly differentiated tumors?
Intermediate filaments
What motor protein of microtubules is responsible for anterograde transport?
Kinesins
What motor protein of microtubles is responsible for retrograde transport?
Dyneins