Road to WWI Flashcards
What are the traits of WWI? /3
Extremely basic; trenches
Technology stars to emerge
Horses to carry supplies and soldiers to the battle field
What are alliances? /5
The CAUSE OF WAR
Developed to protect countries against foreign threats
Designed to guarantee stability: “Balance of Power”
Ends up involving more countries than necessary into a war
|-> creates tension
Escalates a regional conflict into a European and eventually a World War
What were the two main alliances during WWI? /2
Triple Entente
Central Alliance
Who are the members of the Triple Entente? /4
IDENTIFY THEM ON A MAP
France
Great Britain
Russia
*Italy
Who are the members of the Central Alliance? /4
IDENTIFY ON A MAP
Germany
Austria-Hungary
*Italy
Ottoman Empire
What did Italy do in terms of the alliances of WWI?
Italy will switch from the Central Alliance to the Triple Wntente when WWI begins
What is the Franco-Prussian war? /3
In 1871
Battle between Prussia/Germany and France
|-> Germany wins
France loses Alsace-Lorraine to Germany
What are Germany’s concern for WWI? /2
Encircled by Russia-France
France is angry with Germany and eyeing Alsace-Lorraine
What are Austria-Hungary’s concerns for WWI? /3
Nationalism in their country is one the rise
Russia to the North wants to control Slavic people (Pan-Slavism)
Serbia is gaining power in the South
What are Italy’s concerns for WWI? /3
Not yet a strong power during WWI
Angry with France taking over a Tunisia
|-> African country Italy wanted
Germany and Austria-Hungary never fully trust Italy (wise move)
What are Great Britain’s concerns for WWI? /3
Germany’s growing power (navy and army)
Worried about Germany’s arms build-up
Germany’s desire to rival Great Britain’s empire
What are France’s concerns for WWI? /2
Angry about the loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in 1971
Worried about Germany’s growing power
What are Russia’s concerns for WWI? /2
Lacking industry; based on agriculture
Concerned about Germany’s growing power
Long rivalry with Austria-Hungary
What were Germany’s plans and ambitions for WWI? /4
Build an empire to rival/defence/OVERPOWER Britain
Large army and navy
An arms + dreadnought race
Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy
What were Austria-Hungary’s plans and ambitions for WWI? /3
Ally with Germany for a powerful army/defence
Keep its empire together (keep all its various ethnic groups)
Protect itself from Russia and Serbia (Serbia and Russia are allies)
What were Italy’s plans and ambitions for WWI? /2
Allies with Germany and Austria-Hungary to isolate France
Get revenge in France for taking Tunisia
What were Great Britain’s plans and ambitions for WWI? /3
Signed an agreement/allied with France and Russia
Have some control over the events of WWI
Continue being the largest empire and navy (dreadnaught race)
What were France’s plans and ambitions for WWI? /3
Build up army and industries
Get back Alsace-Lorraine
Allied with Russia and Britain as defence against the Central Alliance
What were Russia’s plans and ambitions for WWI? /3
Allied with France and Great Britain
Control all Slavic people in Austria-Hungary
Protect Serbia (since they’re allies)
What was Germany’s military strength ranking (1-6)? /2
Military:
Tonnage:
Military: #3
Tonnage: #2
What was Austria-Hungary’s military strength ranking (1-6)? /2
Military:
Tonnage:
Military: #6
Tonnage: #6
What was Italy’s military strength ranking (1-6)? /2
Military:
Tonnage:
Military: #4
Tonnage: #5
What was Great Britain’s military strength ranking (1-6)? /2
Military:
Tonnage:
Military: #5
Tonnage: #1
What was France’s military strength ranking (1-6)? /2
Military:
Tonnage:
Military: #2
Tonnage: #3
What was Russia’s military strength ranking (1-6)? /2
Military:
Tonnage:
Military: #1
Tonnage: #4
What was the tension between Germany and Britain? /4
Competing to be the strongest/biggest empire and navy
Germany wants to OVERPOWER Britain
|-> military + arms race
Engaged in arms race together
Britain is concerned of Germany’s growing power
What was the tension between France and Germany? /4
Germany took over Alsace-Lorraine in 1871
|-> territory that belonged to France
France is angry and wants revenge
France wants to take back Alsace-Lorraine
|
|->Germany creates alliance as a defence
What was the tension between Austria-Hungary and Russia? /4
Russia executed Pam-Slavism on all Slavic people in AH
Long history of enmity (ennemies) with AH
|-> Russia is supporting Serbia
Serbia and Russia encircle AH
AH attempts to keep its empire together from Russia and Serbia
What was the tensions between Italy and France? /3
France took over Tunisia
|
|-> Italy allies with Germany and AH to isolate France and get revenge
ITALY IS BEING PETTY
What are the consequences of alliances in WWI? /3
Rifles with bayonets (soldiers)
Militarism
Fragile
What is militarism? /2
Every empire has military
Building up their navy/arsenal (arms race)
Why are alliances fragile? /2
Equilibrium is quite weak
One false move will have the world engulfed in war
What the M.A.I.N reasons of WWI? /4
Military
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Which 3 factors of M.A.I.N affect one factor? /2
Military + Imperialism + Nationalism
Affect Alliances
How does nationalism affect WWI? /2
Austria-Hungary nationalism
European countries wanting to prove their superiority over one another
|-> believe their country is better
What sparked WWI?
The assassination of Franz Ferdinand
What is the Assassination of Franz Ferdinand? /3
June 28th, 1914
In Sarajevo, Bosnia
Black hand: terrorist group forcing Bosnia to join Serbia
|-> killers of Franz Ferdinand
How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand spark WWI? /2
Due to AH being a weak country in regard to military strength, they call onto Germany for support
|-> causes Serbia to call onto Russia for support
The alliances are dragged into the conflict between Serbia and AH
REVIEW HANDOUTS
MAPS OF AFRICA AND EUROPE
What happened June 28th, 1914?
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is assassinated in Bosnia city of Sarajevo by a Serbian nationalist
What happened July 5th, 1914? /2
AH asks Germany for support: Germany agrees
AH offers a blank cheque: signed but amount will be determined by Germany (BAD IDEA)
What happened July 23rd, 1914? /2
Austria-Hungary government gives Serbia a 48h ultimatum
Serbia refuses to all AH’s terms and begins to mobilize
What happened July 28th, 1914? /2
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Serbia turns to Russia for help
What happened July 30th, 1914? /2
Czar Nicholas (Russia) agrees to help Serbia and mobilize the AH army
Germany sends Russia an ultimatum to halt mobilization: Russia refuses
What happens August 1st, 1914? /2
Germany declares war on a Russia
France mobilizes the Russia army
What happened August 3rd, 1914? /3
Germany declares war on France
Germany invaded neutral Belgium
Britain gives Germany an ultimatum to halt the invasion of Belgium
What happened August 4th, 1914? /4
No reply from Germany to Britain ultimatum
Britain declares war on Germany
Canada is automatically at war (since it’s a British colony at the time)
EUROPE IS AT WAR!!!
