FDR Flashcards by Laetishia Dorvil

Who is Florence Owen Jenkins? /3

Migrant mother (32 y/o)

Was escaping the dust bowl towards California

The face of the Great Depression: tattered clothes, dirty

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Who is Franklin Delano Roosevelt? /6

Becomes president during the worst year of the depression (1933)

Longest serving president (4 terms)

Dies before WWII

Shows he is aware of the State’s issues during his inauguration speech

Creator of fire-side chats

“We have nothing to fear, but fear itself”

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What is a consequence of FDR serving for 4 terms?

After his presidency, America only allows 2 terms per president

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What is an inauguration? /2

The day one oaths for be a good leader

Officially becomes the president

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What are fire-side chats? /4

FDR speaking directly to the American population on Sunday nights

Chatted about laws that were passed and what he hopes they can achieve

People would huddle around the radio—like a campfire

Good presidential tactic as if he were accepted comfortably in the living room of his people

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What issues did FDR face when becoming president in 1933? /6

Unemployment

Low production

Poverty

Bank failures/lack of trust in banks

Farmers/agriculture production
|-> crops are at low prices

Dust bowl

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How did FDR solve unemployment?

Public works

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How did FDR solve poverty? /3

Relief

Food stamps

Government offered money

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How did FDR solve bank failures/lack of trust in banks? /4

Closes all banks

Verify if they are safe for the benefit of the public

Re-opens the banks that are safe/can be trusted

If issues are still present, the FDR will offer financial relief (money)

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How did FDR solve farming/agriculture prices being very low? /3

Have the farmers produce less (have a limit)

Government buys crops from the farmers

Prices increase

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How did FDR solve the dust bowl?

Encourage the plantation of trees to block the wind/dust from hitting the cities

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What is relief?

Help the poor/unemployed/afflicted farmers

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What is reform?

Change how banks/financial institutions operate

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What is the New Deal? /3(8)

1933

Focuses on Reform, Relief, and Recovery

A legislation

Introduces:

Emergency Bank Act (EBA)
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
The Revenue Act

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Why did people sell their stocks?

There was doubt in how the stock market was increasing, BUT the economy as a whole was failing

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How does today’s stock market differ from the late 1920s? /2

Today’s stock market does not depend on demand

More conditions/rules to prevent a future stock market crash

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What is EBA? /2

Emergency Banking Act

Makes banks safe for deposits again

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What is AAA? /3

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Reduce output of crops so that prices will rise

Guarantees farmers a price on their goods by the government

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What is PWA? /3

Public Works Act

Only men, does not address women

Provides jobs for the unemployed

What is FERA? /2

Federal Emergencies Relief Act

Provides money to the jobless poor

What are the jobless poor? /2

People who can’t work due to disability (handicap, old age, etc)

People had to present themselves in front of the government and DECLARE they can not support themselves and/or their family

What is the Revenue Act? /4

Removes the prohibition on alcohol (legalizes)

Taxes alcohol

Money from taxing alcohol goes toward social programs

Benefits the economy

What was the issue with people having to present themselves in front of the government and DECLARE they can not support themselves and/or their family?

Some people DONT turn to FERA due to their pride/embarrassed to declare they need help in front of the government

What is the CCC? /7

Civilian Conservation Camps

Program that puts jobless young men to work in rural areas

Devoted to the conservation and development of natural resources

Operated by the military and agriculture

Found in every state of the US

Become summer camps after the passing of the Great Depression

Pays its men $30/month regardless of race/colour

What are the type of men enrolled in the CCC? /2

Between 18-25 y/o Most are students that dropped out of school to help their families (can’t attend school)

What do the men who work in the CCC do with their salary of $30/month? /2

$25 of the salary goes to their family $5 of the salary is for themselves

Although CCC payed all the men equally, why was it still considered racist? /4

The camps were not mixed (ex. Black camps, indigenous camps, etc) Segregation was still present amongst themselves Black camps were operated by white officers The number of African-American enrolees was not proportionate to that of the nation’s population

What is the attitude of the FDR government towards racial discrimination in the US?

Takes initiative to decrease segregation, BUT NOT ENOUGH!

What were the political, social, and economical status of African-Americans during the Roaring 20s? /3(6)

Politically: not much of a say in the nation’s political affairs must pay a fee to vote/tested their knowledge Socially: Jim Crow laws segregation in public places (ex. School, buses, bench,etc) Economically: paid less did not have many career choices AFRICAN-AMERICANS ARE LIMITED

To what extent do the CCC’s treatment of African-Americans challenge their status? /3

Pay everyone the same salary Provided everyone the same benefits Give them all work

Is the FDR’s attitude toward African-Americans positive or negative? /2

Positive and negative There is progress, but there is still bias

What is the NAACP?

National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People

What problems do African-Americans face in the CCC? /3

Humiliation Treated as slaves Asked to do extra work that are not part of their usual tasks

Does the FDR government properly take charge of the situation/ take appropriate action? /3

DONT fully take charge of the situation Simply cover up the issue (like hush money) Do not take appropriate action ( do not punish white officers for discriminating behaviour)

Was the New Deal in 1933 enough for the US? /3

NO! US is still struggling FDR realizes more needs to be done

What is the Second New Deal? /2(5)

1935 Introduces: - Work Progress Administration (WPA) - National Labour Relations Act - Social security - Rural electrification

What is WPA? /8

Works Progress Administration Paid more than relief, BUT LESS than regular wages Designed to take advantage of the talents of unemployed Takes people’s skills and adapts them accordingly to employ them (ex. Murals, commissions, plays, public buildings, etc) Indexed historical records Interviewed ex-slaves Wrote guides to regions By 1936, employing 7% of Americans workers

What is the National Labour Relations Act? /2

Allows workers to unionize and engage in collective bargaining Unions engage in frequent strikes

Why are unions necessary (Second New Deal)? /2

Factory owners would exploit their workers’ desperation for employment (ex. Lower wages) Workers can not complain since they need the job

What also occurs when FDR is inaugurated?

Hitler comes to power in Germany

Why is it bad that the imperial powers are too focused on their economic issues?

Hitler takes advantage of the imperial powers focusing on themselves, rather than on Germany

What is social security? /4

Unemployment insurance Provides automatic support to people who had lost their jobs Pensions for the elderly created Proof of government intervention (too much)

What is rural electrification? /3

Beings electricity to the nation Improves farms’ productivity Improves household conditions

What is the Roosevelt Recession? /2

People believe the government was getting too involved Proves that the legislations and programs put in place during the 1930s were working

What causes a change in the Depression statistics between 1938 and 1940?

WORLD WAR II Greatly boosts the economy

What is the overview of the Great Depression? /3(6)

New Deal programs/legislations have been inconsistent New Deal led to substantial achievement By 1940: - Unemployment decreased - Jobs were available in war industries - Demand increased due to renewed purchasing power - Economic upswing finally held

What are the events of the Great Depression? /9 TIMELINE

Stock Market crash 1929 Laissez-faire economics 1929-1932 Debt and Bank failures 1929-1933 FDR inaugurated/New Deal 1933 Hitler becomes chancellor/führer of Germany 1933 Dust bowl at its worst 1932-1936 Second New Deal 1935 Roosevelt Recession 1938 Hitler invades Poland/Start of WWII 1939