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Microbio > RNA viruses + mixed! - Sheet1 > Flashcards

RNA viruses + mixed! - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

Reoviruses

“REO: Rapid Enteric Orphan” = children get diarrhea!

A 
dsRNA**, linear (10-12 semgents), naked
-ICOSAHEDRAL (double)
=Coltivirus: Colorado tick fever
=ROTAVIRUS: #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children --> villous destruction.atrophy (decr absorption of Na+ and loss of K+)
**ROTA vaccine!
ROTA: Right Out The Anus
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2
Q

Picornavirus

“Enterovirus”

A

ssRNA +, naked (–> 1 large polypeptide that is cleaved by proteases–>fxnl)
-ICOSAHEDRAL
=Poliovirus: Salk IPV / Sabin OPV: aseptic meningitis, assymmetric paralysis, hyporeflexic.
=Echovirus: aseptic meningitis
=Rhinovirus: “common cold” (acid-labile=destroyed in GI, binds to ICAM-1/CD54)
=Coxsackievirus: aseptic meningitis, herpangina (mouth blisters,fever): HAND FOOT MOUTH ds, Myocarditis
=HAV: acute Hepatitis A
-all are fecal-oral except rhino(acid-labile)

PERCH your NAKED self on this Railing for the PICture, you look POSitively goregous!!

**most common cause of aseptic meningitis (Polio, Echo, Coxsackie)

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3
Q

Hepevirus

A

ssRNA+, naked, icosahedral

=Hepatitis E

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4
Q

Calcivirus

A

ssRNA+, naked, icosahedral
=Norovirus –> viral gastroenteritis (cruise ships!)

-NORa wanted to drink enough CALCIum crystal/icosahedral before her SINGLE Ride on the beach/naked cruise ship

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5
Q

Flavivirus

A 
ssRNA+, evenloped, Icosahedral
=Hepatitis C
=Yellow Fever (Aedes mosquito)
=Dengue (m) "Breakbone fever"
=St. Louis encephalitis (m)
=West Nile Virus (m)

Wear a rain jacket/envelope in Africa down the West Nile (river = single stranded, raft: icosahedral shaped)!

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6
Q

Togaviruses

A

ssRNA+, envelope, icosahedral
=Rubella (“german measles”)
=Eastern equine encephalitis (mt)
=Western equine encephalitis (mt)

Toga party at the German Equine center! sounds Positively fun!

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7
Q

Retrovirus

A

ssRNA+, envelope (reverse transcriptase activity)
=HTLV-1: icosahedral, T-cell leukemia
=HIV: complex/conical
-do not replicate in the cytoplasm like the other RNA viruses

Wear a condom/Envelope so you don’t get HIV and HTLV-1!

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8
Q

Coronavirus

A

ssRNA+, envelope, helical*

=Coronoavirus: common cold and SARS

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9
Q

Orthyomyxovirus

A

ssRNA-, evenlope, helical, (8 segments)
=INFLUENZA! contains hemagluttinin (promotes viral entry) and Neuraminidase (promotes progeny virion release)
-does not replicate in the cytoplasm like the other RNA viruses
-pts at risk for bacterial superinfection
-Rapid genetic changes

Those ORTHO guys think they are awesome (do 8 sets at the gym, helical bench-press bar) but they didn’t get the flu shot this year: INFLUENZA shot (NEGative)
-also they have sex a lot probably so they need alot of envelopes, but they make your head spin/HELICAL bc they have no emotional maturity - hence they are SINGLE

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10
Q

Paramyxoviruses

A

ssRNA-, envelope, helical
=Parainfluenza: croup (upper resp sxs –> hoarseness, barking/brassy cough, strider)
=RSV: bronchiolitis in babies, Rx: Palivizumab/Ribavirin (anti-F) upper resp sxs –> wheezing, cough, resp distress
=Measles
=Mumps
-all contain surface F/FUSION protein: causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse –> MULTINUCLEATED cells

PaRaMyxo (Parainfluenza, RSV, Mumps/Measles)
“Myxo” mix it all up, created fused cells! multinucleate!

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11
Q

Rhabdovirus

A

ssRNA-, envelope (BULLET-SHAPED), helical
-glycoprotein spikes that bind to nicotinic Ach receptors
=RABIES
dogs like helical chew toys bc they look like bones. wrap it up in an envelope so you don’t have to touch their gross saliva!

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12
Q

Filoviruses

A

ssRNA-, envelope, helical
=Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever

Filo dough that E-BOWL-right-UP!
(filo dough = ENVELOPE, rolled tight like a HELIX

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13
Q

Arenavirus

A

ssRNA-, CIRCULAR 2 segments, envelope, helical
=LCMV: Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (mice!); febrile aseptic meningoecephalitis
=Lassa fever encephalitis: spread by mice (mice!)

Arenas are CIRCULAR. Tibetan mice on the race track (Lassa Fever), Let’s Cee them MoVe! 2 segments = the Tibetan Mice vs the others (2 teams)

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14
Q

Bunyaviruses

A

ssRNA-, CIRCULAR 3 segments, envelope, helical
=California encephalitis (mt)
=Sandfly/Rift valley fevers (mt)
=Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (mt)
=Hantavirus- hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia (rats)

Bunyans are on the big toe and are tumors that are CIRCULAR

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15
Q

Delta virus

A

ssRNA-, CIRCULAR, envelope, shape?
=Hepatitis D (D for delta) - is “Defective” and requires HBV co-infection

The Delta virus has CIRCULAR RNA bc it looks the most like HBV then - whoes coating it neds

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16
Q

Negative stranded RNA viruses (-ssRNA)

A 
Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail to Replicate
(transcribe neg to positive)
Arenavirus
Bunyavirus
Paramyxovirus
Orthomyxovirus
Filovirus
Rhabdovirus
17
Q

Segmented viruses

A 
All are RNA viruses: BOAR (you cut up to serve!)
Bunyavirus
Orthomyxovirus (influenza)
Arenaviruses
Reoviruses
18
Q

Yellow Fever

A
  • a Flavivirus
  • transmitted by Aedes mosquito, Human or Monkey reservoir
  • sxs: High fever, BLACK vomit, JAUNDICE (“yellow” fever bc you turn yellow)
19
Q

Influenza: Shift and Drift

A
  • Shift: pandemics. Reassortment of virla genome, segments undergo high-frequency recombination
  • Drift: epidemics. Minor (antigenic drift) from random mutations

Sudden Shift is more deadly than graDual Drift

20
Q

Rubella

A

“German measles!”

  • Togovirus
  • sxs: Fever, post-Auricular** lymphadenopathy, arthlragias*, fine truncal rash (head –> moves down = truncal rash (no hands and feet vs measles))
  • Congenital in children: deafness, cataracts, cardiac malformation (PDA)
21
Q

Measles

A
  • Paramyxovirus
  • 3 C’s: Cough, Coryza (nasal mucosal inflammation), Conjunctivitis
  • sxs: KOPLIK spots (cheek mucosa: red spots w blue-white center), Descending rash (head –> down) that can darken/coalesce (presents last, includes hands and feet vs rubella).
  • -> possible sequale: SSPE Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (yrs later), Encephalitis, Giant Cell Pneumonia
22
Q

Mumps

A
  • Paramyxovirus
  • sxs: Parotitis, Orchitis (inflammation of testes), aseptic Meningitis –> sterility in puberty

mumps make your parotid glands and testes as big as POM-poms

23
Q

Rabies

A

Rhabdovirus

  • NEGRI body inclusions (Purkinje cells in cerebellum)
  • Long incubation period
  • Postexposure rx: wound cleanign, vaccination + rabies IgG
  • virus goes to CNS by retrograde travel on nerve axons (attachs to nicotinic Ach receptors)
  • sxs: Fever malaise –> dysphagia/pharyngospasm, AGITATION, PHOTOPHOBIA, HYDROPHOBIA, excess saliva –> Paralysis, coma, death
  • Bats (caves), raccoons, skunk bites, dogs
24
Q

Hepatitis: short incubation periods

A

Hep A, E, and D when it’s super-infecting

25
Q

Hepatitis A

A
  • RNA Picornavirus
  • Fecal-oral, shellfish/oysters
  • short incubation period, no HCC risk
  • Asxs (usually), Acute, Alone (no carriers)
  • sxs: AVERSION to SMOKING. anorexia, abdml pain, fever, etc.
26
Q

Hepatitis B

A
  • DNA Hepadnavirus
  • Blood, semen, saliva, sweat, tears, breast milk*
  • Long incubation
  • carries its own RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
  • -> HCC bc integrates itself into host virus (acts as oncogene)
27
Q

Hepatitis C

A
  • RNA Flavivirus
  • primary blood transmission (IVDU, post-transfusion)
  • long incubation
  • -> HCC from chronic inflammation
  • Enevelope has high mutation rate - ab’s lab behind
  • Chronic, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Carrier, CURE
28
Q

Hepatits D

A

RNA Delta virus

  • Blood, semen, saliva, sweat , maternal-fetal*
  • superinfxn: short incubation. co-infection: long incubation
  • Defective virus, Dependent on HBV
  • superinxn? poor prognosis
29
Q

Hepatitis E

A

RNA, hepevirus

  • fecal oral, esp w waterborne epidemics
  • no envelope
  • short incubation period, High mortality in pregnant women**
  • Enteric, Expecting mothers, Epidemic
30
Q

Path: acute hepatitis

A

Ballooning degeneration, mononuclear cell infiltrates, Councilman bodies/eosinophilic apoptotic hepatocytes
-fever, jaundice, elevated ALT/AST

31
Q

HIV proteins

A
  • gp120: enveleop, attachment to CD4+ (anti gp-120 can cross placenta, see false positve in babies born to infected mothers)
  • gp41:fusion and entry
  • gp120 and gp41 made from cleavage of gp160
  • gag(p24): capsid protein
  • pol: reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase
32
Q

HIV replication

A
  • T cells: Binds to CD4+ and CCR5 (early) or CXCR4 (late)

- macrophages: CD14 and CCR5

33
Q

HIV dx

A
  • 1) ELISA: sensitive (rule it out)
  • 2) Western blot: specific (rule it in)
  • HIV PCR/viral load test: monitoring
34
Q

Time course of HIV

A
  • 1) Flu-like sxs (acute - drop in CD4, dissemination of virus, seeding of Lymphoid organs)
  • 2) Feeling fine (latent: HIV replicate in LNs)
  • 3) Falling count
  • 4) Final crisis
35
Q

As CD4 count drops…

A
  • risk of reactivation of past infxns (TB, HSV, shingles)
  • dissemination of bacterial and fungal infxns (e.g. coccidiomycosis)
  • NHL (latent EBV reactivation): DLBCL
36
Q

Prions

A
  • nl protein: Prion PrPc –> Prpsc
  • -> Spongiform encephalopathy, dementia, ataxia, death
  • Creutzfeldt-Jacob ds: sporadic
  • Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome: inherited
  • Kuru: acquired

Microbio (13 decks)

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