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Microbio > Part 1: Microbio Diagnosis > Flashcards

Part 1: Microbio Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

3 causes of Neonatal meningitis

A
  • 1) Group B strep (agalactiae)
  • 2) E. coli
  • 3) Listeria moncytogenes
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2
Q

-Virus that causes Hydrops fatalis in neonate

A

Parvovirus, B19

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3
Q

Congenital Toxoplasma gondii (ToRCHHeS)

A

triad: Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial califications*

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4
Q

Congenital Rubella (ToRCHHeS)

A

Triad: PDA, Cataracts, deafness -maybe “blueberry muffin” rash

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5
Q

Congenital CMV (ToRCHHeS)

A

Hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash, “blueberry muffin” rash -mom: maybe has mono-like illness

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6
Q

HSV-2 (ToRCHHeS)

A
  • often happens during birth
  • Encephalitis, herpetic (vesicular) lesions
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7
Q

HIV (ToRCHHeS)

A

Recurrent infxns, chronic diarrhea, thrush, Interstitial pneumonia

-Give mom Pre-natal Prophylax: ZDZ, AZT: retroviral reverse transcriptase inhibitor

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8
Q

Syphillis (ToRCHHeS)

A
  • Mom: Chancre (1) and disseminated rash (2) –> likely to infect
  • baby: Hydrops fetalis, facial dry/wrinkling/yellow-brown, notched teeth/Hutchinsons, saddle nose, saber shins, CN8 DEAFNESS, hemorrhagic rhinitis (blood out of nose)
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9
Q

Dominant flora: Skin

A

Staph epidermidis

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10
Q

Dominant flora: Nose

A

S. epidermidis, colonized by Staph Aureus

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11
Q

Dominant flora: Oropharynx

A

Viridans group streptococci

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12
Q

Dominant flora: Dental plaque

A

Streptococcus mutans

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13
Q

Dominant flora: colon

A

Bacteroides fragilis > E. coli

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14
Q

Dominant flora: Vagina

A

Lactobacillus (gram + anaerobes, killed off by AB use), colonized by E. Coli and Group B strep/aglactiae

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15
Q

Food psn: Contaminated seafood/oysters –> diarrhea

A

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio vulnificus (can also cause would infxns from contact w contaminated water or shellfish) - think of the fisherman who is VULNerable to hand infxns and has diarrhea

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16
Q

Food psn: Reheated rice

A

Bacillus cereus (starts quickly, ends quickly)

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17
Q

Food psn:Meats, mayonnaise, custard; preformed toxin

A

Staph aureus (starts quickly, ends quickly)

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18
Q

Food psn: Reheated meat dishes

A

Clostridium perfingens (the one that also causes gas gangrene, gross! Meat - fleshy wounds…war, etc)

-“LATE ONSET food psn/diarrhea” bc the spores are ingested, germinate in the GI, and then make toxin

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19
Q

Food psn: Improperly canned foods (the can is bulging)

A

Clostridium botulinum (toxin)

spores in honey

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20
Q

Food psn: Undercooked meat

A

EHEC (kid eating the hamburer!)

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21
Q

Food psn: Poultry, meats, eggs

A

Salmonella

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22
Q

Bugs that mimic appendix

A

Yersenia entercolita (mesenteric adenitis)

Salmonella (nontyphoidal)

Campylobacter jejuni

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23
Q

Bloody diarrhea: comma,S shaped. Grows at 42C

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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24
Q

Bloody diarrhea: Lactose neg, flagellar motility, has animal reservoir, esp poultry and eggs, produces H2S

A

Salmonella

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25
Q

Bloody diarrhea: Lactose neg, very low ID50; Human reservoir only

A

Shigella: Shiga toxin

low ID50: doesn’t take many bugs (only like 10!) to cause infxn

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26
Q

Bloody diarrhea: but not invasive. O157:H7

A

EHEC –> SLT. Can cause HUS

stool: erythryocytes but no leukocytes

27
Q

Bloody diarrhea: Invades colonic mucosa

A

EIEC

28
Q

Bloody diarrhea: day-care outbreaks, pseudoappendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica (causes pediatric diarrhea, think of the puppy poop!)

29
Q

Bloody diarrhea: protozoan

A

Entamoeba histolytica

30
Q

Watery diarrhea: Traveler’s diarrhea

A

E. coli (ETEC). ST and LT toxins

31
Q

Watery diarrhea: comma-shaped organism; rice water diarrhea

A

Vibrio cholera

32
Q

Watery darrhea: Can also cause bloody** diarrhea

A

C. diff –> Pseudomembranous colitis

Toxin A (binds cell causes malabsorption diarrhea)

Toxin B (kills the cell –> pseudomembrane formation)

33
Q

Watery diarrhea: also causes gas gangrene

A

Clostridum perfringens <– food poisoning from reheated meat

34
Q

Watery diarrhea: protozoan

A

Giardia lamblia

Cryptosporidium (esp in AIDS)

35
Q

Watery diarrhea: viruses

A

Rotavirus (reo-virus)

Norovirus (Calcivirus)

36
Q

Neonate Pneumonia (<4 weeks)

A
  • 1) Group B strep (agalactiae)
  • 2) E. coli
37
Q

Children Pneumonia (4weeks-18yrs)

A

Runts May Cough Chunky Sputum

  • 1) RSV (paRamyxovirus)
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia trachomatis (weird)
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae (school-age children)
  • Strep pneumo

(Virus, atypicals, strep pneumo)

38
Q

Younger adults pneumonia (18-40 yrs)

A

Mycoplasma

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Step pneumo

39
Q

Older adults Pneumonia (40-65 yrs)

A

Step pneumo

H. flu

Anaerobes

Viruses

Mycoplasma

40
Q

Elderly pneumonia

A

Step pneumo

Influenza virus**

Anaerobes

H. flu

Gram-neg rods

41
Q

Pneumonia: Nosocomial (hospital acquired)

A

Staphylococcus (think MRSA)

Enteric gram-neg rods

42
Q

Pneumonia: Immunocompromised

A

Staphlycoccus

enteric gram-neg rods

Fungi

Viruses

PCP (in AIDS)

43
Q

Pneumonia: Aspiration

A

Anaerobes, Klebsiella

44
Q

Pneumonia: Alcoholic/IV drug user

A

Step pneumo

Klebsiella

Staphlycoccus

45
Q

Pneumonia: Cystic Fibrosis

A

Pseudomonas

S. aureus

Strep pneumo

46
Q

Pneumonia: Postviral

A

Staphlycoccus

H. flu

Strep pneumo

47
Q

Pneumonia: Atypical

A

Mycoplasma

Legionella

Chlamydia

(Chlamydophila psittaci)

48
Q

Neonate Meningitis (<4 weeks)

A

-Group B strep

E. coli

Listeria

49
Q

Children Meningitis (6mo-6yr)

A

Step pneumo

Neisseria meningitidis

H. flu (type B - see in un-immunized children)

Enteroviruses (Echovirus, Coxackievirus)

50
Q

Adults Meningitis (6-60yrs)

A

Step pneumo

N. meningitidies (#1 in teens)

Enteroviruses HSV

51
Q

Elderly meningitis (60+)

A

Step pneumo

Gram-neg rods

Listeria

52
Q

Viruses that cause meningitis

A

Enteroviruses (esp Coxsackie, Echovirus)

HSV-2

(HSV-1 = temporal lobe encephalitis)

HIV

West Nile virus

VZV

53
Q

Bacterial Meningitis: CSF

  • Opening pressure
  • Cell type
  • Protein
  • Glucose
A
  • Opening pressure: Incr
  • cell type: PMNs***
  • Protein: incr
  • Glucose: DECR (bacteria eating it!)
54
Q

Fungal/TB Meningitis: CSF

  • Opening pressure
  • Cell type
  • Protein
  • Glucose
A
  • Opening pressure: incr
  • cell type: Lymphocytes
  • Protein: incr
  • Glucose: decr (remember how candida uses glucose to cause yeast infxns?)
55
Q

Viral Meningitis: CSF

  • Opening pressure
  • Cell type
  • Protein
  • Glucose
A
  • Opening pressure: Normal/Incr
  • Cell type: Lymphocytes
  • Protein: nl/incr
  • Glucose: NORMAL
56
Q

Osteomyelitis: Assume if no other info given

Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

A

Staph aureus

57
Q

Osteomyelitis: Sexually active

Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (rare) - septic arthritis more common

58
Q

Osteomyelitis: Diabetics and IVDU

Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

A

Pseudomonas

Serratia

59
Q

Osteomyelitis: Sickle cell

Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

A

Salmonella (encapsulated)

60
Q

Osteomyelitis: Prosthetic replacement

Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

A

S. aureus

S. epidermidis

61
Q

Osteomyelitis: Vertebral ds

Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

A

TB (Potts)

62
Q

Osteomyelitis: Cat or dog bites, scratches

Incr CRP and ESR in Osteomyelitis (typically)

A

Pasteurella multocida

63
Q

Endocarditis in IV drug users

A

–> Right sided heart failure (tricuspid valve)

  • # 1: Staph aureus
  • # 2 Pseudomonas
  • septic embolization –> Pulmonary hemorrhagic infarct

also candida assoc w IV drug use, endocarditis

Microbio (13 decks)

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