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Microbio > Part 2- Microbio Diagnosing - Sheet1 > Flashcards

Part 2- Microbio Diagnosing - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

UTI presentation

A

Dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, WBCs (but no wbc casts)

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2
Q

Pyelonephritic presentation

A

WBC casts*, fever, chills, flank pain, CVA tenderness, hematuria

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3
Q

Predisposing factors for UTI

A
  • Women (short urethras, colonized by fecal flora)
  • obstruction
  • kidney surgery
  • catheterization
  • GU malformations (vesicoureteral reflux)
  • Diabetes
  • pregnancy
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4
Q

Diagnosing UTI

A
  • Positive leukocyte esterase test = Bacterial UTI

- Positive Nitrite test = Gram-neg bacterial UTI

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5
Q

Leading cause of UTI

A

E. coli

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6
Q

2nd leading cause of community-acquired UTI in sexually active women

A

Staph Saprophyticus

suck it, saprophyticus!

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7
Q

3rd leading cause of UTI

Large mucoid capsule, viscous colonies, positive urease

A

Klebsiella

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8
Q

Nosocomial and drug-resistant UTI

A
  • Serratia Marcescens (produce cherry red pigment)
  • Enterobacter cloacae
  • Pseudomonas (blue-green pigment, fruit odor)
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9
Q

UTI: assoc w struvite stones. Motility causes “swarming” on agar, produces urease

A

Proteus mirabilis

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10
Q

Childhood rash: rash begins on face and moves down –> fine truncal rash, Postauricular lymphadenopathy

A

Rubella!

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11
Q

Childhood rash: beginning at head and moving down, rash is preceded by cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and blue-white/Koplik spots on buccal mucosa

A

Measles! (a paramyxovirus)

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12
Q

Childhood rash: Vesicular rash begins on trunk, spreads to face and extremities w lesions of different age**

A

Chickenpox (VZV)

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13
Q

Childhood rash: Macular rash over body appears after several days of high fever. can present w febrile seizures**. Affects infants

A

Roseola (HHV-6)

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14
Q

Childhood rash: “Slapped cheek” rash on face (can cause hydrops fetalis in pregnant woman)

A

Parvovirus B19

“Erythema infectiosum”

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15
Q

Childhood rash: Erythematous, sandpaper-like rash w fever and sore throat

A

Scarlet fever (Step pyogenes)

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16
Q

Childhood rash: Vesicular rash on palms and soles, ulcers* in oral mucosa

A

Hand-foot-mouth ds (Coxsackievirus type A)

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17
Q

STD: Urethritis, cervicitis, PID, prostatitis, epididymis, arthritis*, creamy PURULENT discharge

A

Gonorrhea (N. gonorrhoeae)

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18
Q

STD: Painless chancre

A

Primary syphillis (Treponema pallidum)

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19
Q

STD: Fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rashes, condyloma lata

A

2ndary syphillis (Treponema pallidum)

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20
Q

STD: Gummas, tabes dorsalis, general paresis, aortitis, Argyll Robertson pupil

A

Tertiary syphillis (Treponema pallidum)

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21
Q

STD: Painful genital ulcer, inguinal adenopathy

A

Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi - “it’s so painful, you DO CRY”)

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22
Q

STD: Painful penile, vulvar, or cervical vesicles and ulcers. Can cause systemic sxs such as fever, headache, myalgia

A

Genital herpes: HSV-2, less commonly HSV-1

23
Q

STD: Urethritis, cervicitis, conjunctivitis, Reiter’s syndrome, PID

A

Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis D-K)

24
Q

STD: Infxn of lymphatics; genital ulcers (heal quickly, painless), lymphadenopathy, RECTAL STRICTURES**

A

Lymphogranulmoa venereum (C. trachomatis L1-L3)

25
Q

STD: Vaginitis, strawberry-colored mucosa, motile on wet prep

A

Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)

26
Q

STD: Opportunistic infxns, kaposi’s sarcoma, lymphoma

A

AIDS/HIV

27
Q

STD: Genital warts, Koilocytes

A

Condyloma Accuminata* (HPV6 and 11)

28
Q

STD: Jaundice

A

Hepatitis B

29
Q

STD: Noninflammatory, malodorous discharge (fishy smell), positive whiff test, clue cells, not exclusively an STD

A

BV: Gardenella vaginalis

30
Q

PID top bugs:

A 
Chlamydia tachomatis (subacute, often undiagnosed)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (acute)
-Sxs: Cervical motion tenderness/Chandelier sign, purulent cervical discharge
31
Q

Nosocomial: Newborn nursery

A

RSV, CMV

32
Q

Nosocomial: Urinary catheterization

A

E. coli

Proteus mirabilis

33
Q

Nosocomial: wound infection

A

Staph aureus

34
Q

Nosocomial: Respiratory therapy equipment

A

Pseudomonas (assume when air or burns are involved)

35
Q

Nosocomial: work in renal dialysis unit

A

HBV (needle stick)

36
Q

Nosocomial: Hyperalimentation (over eating, too much protein/urea –> osmotic diuresis)

A

Assoc w Candida

37
Q

Nosocomial; water aerosols

A

Legionella!

38
Q

HY: pus, empyema, abscess

A

Staph aureus

39
Q

HY: Pediatric infection

A

Haemophilus influenzae (including epiglottis for those not vaccinated)

40
Q

HY: Pneumonia in CF, burn infection

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

41
Q

HY: Branching rods in oral infxn, sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces Israelii

42
Q

HY: Traumatic open wound

A

Clostridium perfingens

43
Q

HY: Surigcal wound

A

Staph aureus

44
Q

HY: Dog or cat bite

A

Pasteurella multocida

45
Q

HY: “currant jelly” sputum

A

Klebsiella

46
Q

HY: positive PAS stain

A

Tropheryma whipplei (Whipple’s ds)

47
Q

HY: sepsis/meningitis in newborn

A

Group B strep (aglactaie)

48
Q

HY: Health care provider

A

HBV (needle stick)

49
Q

HY: Fungal infxn in diabetic or immunocompromized

A

Mucor or Rhizopus spp

50
Q

HY: Asplenic pt

A

Encapsulated, esp: Strep pneumo, H. flu type B, N. meningitidies

51
Q

HY: Chronic granulomatous ds

A

Catalase positive microbes, esp S. aureus

52
Q

HY: Neutropenic pts

A

Candida albicans (systemic), Aspergillus

53
Q

HY: Facial nerve palsy

A

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme ds)

Microbio (13 decks)

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