HIV Diagnosis - Sheet1 (1) Flashcards
- sxs: Low-grade fevers, cough, hepatosplenomegaly, tongue ulcer
- findings: oval yeast cells w/in macrophages, CD4 <100
Histoplasma capsulatum (causes only pulm sxs in immunocompetent host)
- sxs: Fluffy-white cottage-cheese lesions
- labs: pseudohyphae, Oral- CD4100
Candida albicans (thrush)
- sxs: Superficial vascular proliferation
- Neutrophilic inflammation
Bartonella henselae (Bacillary Angiomatosis)
neutrophilic infiltration vs. lymphocytic in Kaposi’s
- sxs: chronic, watery diarrhea
- acid-fast cysts in stool, CD4<200
Cryptosporidum spp
- Sxs: Encephalopathy
- reactivation of latent virus–> demyelination. CD4<200
JC virus (Polyomavirus) –> PML
- sxs: abscess
- ring-enhancing lesions on MRI, CD4<100
Toxoplasmosis gondii
- sxs: Meningitis
- India ink stain: yeast w narrow-based budding, large capsule. CD4<50
Cryptococcus neoformans
- sxs: Retinitis
- cotton-wool spots on fundoscopic exam, may also occur w esophagitis. CD4<50
CMV
-sxs: Dementia
-must differentiate from other cuases bc it can be directly assoc w HIV
- sxs: Superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature
- Lymphocytic inflammation
HHV-8: Kaposi’s sarcoma
lymphocytic infiltration vs. neutrophilic in BA
- Hairy leukoplakia
- often lateral tongue
EBV
- NHL (large cell/DLBCL)
- Often on oropharynx (Waldeyer’s ring)
assoc w EBV
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Often in anus (MSM), cervix (F)
HPV
- Primary CNS lymphoma
- Focal or multiple, must differeniate from toxo
assoc w EBV (burkitts* or DLBCL)
- Interstitial pneumonia
- Intranuclear (owl’s eyes) inclusions
CMV
- Invasive aspergillosis
- Pleuritic pain, hemoptysis, infiltrates
Aspergillus fumigatus
- Pneumonia
- CD4<200
PCP: Pneumocysitis jirovecii
- TB-like ds
- CD4<50
Myocbacterium avium-intracellulare
