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Sketchy: Viruses > RNA (-) Viruses I > Flashcards

RNA (-) Viruses I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the viral classification of the orthomyxovirus family?

A

RNA Neg SS enveloped viruses

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2
Q

All RNA (-) viruses bring their own

A

Polymerase

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3
Q

Orthomyxoviruses replicate in the

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

The most common cause of the flu is influenza strains

A

A, B, and C

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5
Q

Has 8 segments, meaning there is 8 places where it can mutate

A

Influenza

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6
Q

A major example of orthomyxovirus is

A

Influenza

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7
Q

Point mutations in the viral genome leading to changes in the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) molecules

A

Antigenic drift

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8
Q

What are the two major classes of influenza mutation?

A

Antigenic rift and antigenic shift

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9
Q

When segments are shared to form a new species

A

Antigenic Shift

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10
Q

Cause segment changes and Pandemics (global scale)

A

Antigenic shift

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11
Q

Influenza that causes epidemics and pandemics

A

Influenza A (via antigenic shift)

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12
Q

Influenza that causes epidemics via antigenic drift

A

Influenza B

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13
Q

A glycoprotein that binds to sialic acid found in membranes in Upper respiratory and RBCs causing them to clump

A

Hemeagglutinin (HA)

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14
Q

Define the cell tropism, i.e. cells that can be affected by influenza

A

HA antigens H1, H2, and H3

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15
Q

HA molecule will bind to sialic acid on the cell membrane. Then the virus is endocytosed into the cell. However, before uncoating, the pH must be changed by

A

M2 protein

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16
Q

Inhibit the M2 protein and thus prevent uncoating of the influenza virus

A

Amantadine and Rimantadine

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17
Q

Amantadine and rimantadine do allow increased

A

Dopamine release

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18
Q

Molecule that allowes the virus to break free from the sialic acid once it is inside the cell

A

Neuraminidase (NA)

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19
Q

NA inhibitors blocking release of virus

A

Oseltamivir/Anamivir (Tamiflu)

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20
Q

There are two types of influenza vaccine, what are they?

A

Killed (IM) and Live attenuated (nasal)

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21
Q

A common comorbidity with influenza is pneumonia caused by

A

Staph aureus

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22
Q

Caused by aspirin treatment and causing encephalitis, and hepatomegaly. Will uncouple mitochondria proton gradient along the electron transport chain in the hepatic cells

A

Reyes syndrome

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23
Q

Don’t give kids with the flu aspirin because it can cause

A

Reyes syndrome

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24
Q

What is the viral classification of the parmyxovirus family

A

SS Negative Sense RNA

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25
Q

All negative sense RNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm. The only exception is

A

Orthomyxovirus

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26
Q

What is the live attenuated vaccine for paramyxovirus?

A

MMR (Measles and Mumps are paramyxovirus and Rubella is different)

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27
Q

What are the 4 C’s to diagnose measles?

A

Cough, Conjunctivitis, Coryza, Koplic sign

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28
Q

Blueish spots on a red background near the molars on the mucosa caused by measles

A

Koplic Spots

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29
Q

Measles comes with a fever of

A

104 degrees

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30
Q

Maculopapular rash late, starts on the head and works down. This is a clinical manifestation of

A

Measles

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31
Q

Another type of rash seen with measles is

A

Confluence rash

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32
Q

One complication of measles is

A

Pneumonia

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33
Q

If you see subacute sclerosing pan enchephalitis, look for

A

Anti-measles antibodies in the CSF

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34
Q

One virulence factor of measles is

A

HA

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35
Q

In measles, cause multinucleated giant cells found in lymphoid tissue

-Causes red inclusion bodies

A

Fusion proteins

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36
Q

What can we give to patients with measles to reduce mortality and complications?

A

Vitamin A

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37
Q

Replicates in the salivary glands

A

Mumps

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38
Q

Has the clinical manifestation of orchitis with impaired fertility and testicular atrophy

A

Mumps

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39
Q

Meningitis can also happen with

A

Mumps

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40
Q

What are the three virulence factors of mumps?

A

Fusion protein, HA, and NA

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41
Q

In babies, Mumps can cause

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

42
Q

Attaches to G protein to infect respiratory epithelial cells

A

Mumps

43
Q

Most commonly in infants, and shows bronchiolitis and penumonia

A

Mumps

44
Q

Causes the virulence factors to stick together in Mumps

A

Fusion protein

45
Q

Can be used to treat mumps in adults

A

Ribavirion

46
Q

Monoclonal IgG antibody against mumps

A

Palivisumab

47
Q

What are the three forms of paramyxovirus?

A

Measles, Mumps, and Parainfluenza

48
Q

Causes a seal park cough (croup)

A

Parainfluenza

49
Q

What are the three virulence factors of parainfluenza?

A

NA, HA, and Fusion protein

50
Q

What is the radiographic sign on x-ray that a patient has parainfluenza?

A

Steeple radiographic sign

51
Q

What is the viral classification of the rhabdovirus?

A

Encapsulated Negative Sense RNA virus

52
Q

The capsule for rhabdovirus looks

A

Bullet shaped

53
Q

What is the shape of the nucleocapsid for rhabdovirus?

A

Helical nucleocapsid

54
Q

Glycoprotein that binds to nicotinic acetocholine receptors in the membrane in the NMJ junction and will replicate there

A

Rhabdovirus

55
Q

Intitially, rhabdovirus infects the synaptic receptors in the

A

Motor end plate

56
Q

A popular form of rhabdovirus is

A

Rabies

57
Q

Moves in a retrograde fashion

A

Rabies

58
Q

Rabies replicates in

A

Motor neurons (dorsal roots)

59
Q

Shows the clinical symptoms of encephalopathy and fever

A

Rabies

60
Q

Diagnosis is clinical and can be confirmed with negri bodies, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions found in hippocampus or cerebellum

A

Rabies

61
Q

A characteristic feature of rabies is

A

Negri bodies

62
Q

Shows eosiniphilic negri bodies

A

Rabies

63
Q

Rabies infects the pyramidal cells of the

A

Hippocampus

64
Q

Hold negri bodies together

A

Perkinje cells

65
Q

Has an antidote w/ passive preformed antibodies IgG prior to symptoms and killed vaccine

A

Rabies

66
Q

You should give a killed vaccine treatment even if you simply wake up with a

A

Bat in the room

67
Q

What is the viral classification of Ebola (Filovirus)?

A

Enveloped Negative sense SS helical RNA virus

68
Q

The RNA in ebola is

A

Helical RNA

69
Q

A key clinical manifestation of filovirus infection is

A

Hemorrhagic fever and petechial rash

70
Q

The end organ failure seen in filovirus infection is the death of the

A

Kidneys and Liver

71
Q

A fatal infection

A

Filovirus (Ebola)

72
Q

Characterized by extreme blood loss and shock

A

Ebola (filovirus)

73
Q

What are the vectors for filovirus?

A

Monkeys or fruit bats

74
Q

What is the viral classification of Bunyavirus?

A

Enveloped negative sense RNA virus

75
Q

The bunya virus obtains the envelope from the

A

Golgi body of host cells

76
Q

What is the segmentation classification of the Bunyavirus?

A

Segmented w/ 3 circular segments

77
Q

A moquito virus that falls under bunyavirus

A

Arborvirus

78
Q

What are the two main types of Bunyavirus?

A

Arborvirus and Hantavirus

79
Q

Transmitted through rodents, Deer mouse urine and pellets

-Can cause death

A

Hantavirus

80
Q

Causes pulmonary edema via capillary leak and prerenal azotemia

A

Hantavirus

81
Q

Another major clinical manifestation of hantavirus is

A

Hemorrhagic fever

82
Q

Rift valley fever and California encephalitis are two forms of bunyavirus that are from the

A

Ades mosquito

83
Q

A major neurological symptom of Rift Valley Fever or California encephalitis is

A

Seizures

84
Q

What is the viral classification of the arena virus?

A

Enveloped SS NEG Sense RNA virus

85
Q

Has the capacity to encode both RNA negatively and RNA positively

A

Arena virus

86
Q

What is the caspid shape of the arena virus?

A

Helical caspid

87
Q

What is the segmentation classification of the arena virus?

A

Segmented virus, only 2 can reassort

88
Q

Shows a characteristic granular sandy outer caspid on EM

A

Arena Virus

89
Q

How is the arena virus transmitted in humans?

A

Rodent transmission

90
Q

A form of the arena virus characterized by febrile aseptic meningitides

A

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCV)

91
Q

Inactivated by heating, low pH, irradiation and detergents, just really know it’s capable of being inactivated

A

Arena virus

92
Q

What is the viral classification of the Reovirus?

A

Naked, double stranded RNA virus

93
Q

How many segments are there to the Reovirus?

A

11 segments

94
Q

What is the major form of Reovirus?

A

Rotavirus

95
Q

Rotavirus causes toxic mediated

A

Secretory diarrhea

96
Q

The secretory diarrhea in rotavirus is caused by

A

NSP4

97
Q

The secretory diarrhea seen in rotavirus is due to the increased permeability to

A

Chloride ions

98
Q

The classic outbreak of rotavirus is in the

A

Winter

99
Q

The population most at risk for Rotavirus is

A

Children

100
Q

The #1 cause of severe diarrhea in young children

A

Rotavirus

Sketchy: Viruses (6 decks)

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