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Sketchy: Viruses > RNA (+) Viruses I > Flashcards

RNA (+) Viruses I Flashcards

1
Q

The Picornavirus family is classified as

A

RNA (+) Virus

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2
Q

Is the picnoravirus encapsulated?

A

No it is naked

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3
Q

How is picnoravirus transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral

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4
Q

A respiratory picornavirus

A

Rhinovirus

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5
Q

Uses the host transcription factors, since it is the same sense as host cell, it only needs host RNA polymerase

A

RNA (+) Viruses

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6
Q

POS Sense RNA Replication uses the host transcription factors, since it is the same sense as host cell, it only needs host

A

RNA polymerase

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7
Q

Viral RNA is transmitted into long protein product that contains viral proteases to

A

Cleave it

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8
Q

All RNA positives replicate in the

A

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

Host cell RNA polymerase is in the

A

Cytoplasm

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10
Q

What are the aviary picornaviruses?

A

Polio, Cocksackie, and Echovirus

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11
Q

The aviary viruses cause

A

Aseptic meningitis

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12
Q

Glucose levels are normal with

A

Aviary picornaviruses

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13
Q

The aviary infections are aseptic, meaning that when plated, we find

A

Nothing

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14
Q

Elevated in the aviary infections

A

Protein

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15
Q

Causes the common cold and is transmitted via respiratory route

A

Rhinovirus

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16
Q

Polio virus is classified as a

A

Positive sense RNA

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17
Q

Polio virus is not

A

Encapsulated

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18
Q

This virus replicates in Peyer’s patches found in the submucosa in the ileum

A

Polio

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19
Q

Polio replication occurs in the peyers patches and takes

A

2-3 weeks

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20
Q

Infects the Anterior horn of lower motor neuron cell bodies and causes paralysis

A

Polio

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21
Q

Polio causes an ASYMMETRIC paralysis concentrated in the

A

Lower legs

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22
Q

Causes an asymmetric paralysis concentrated in lower legs, myalgia’s, and respiratory deficiency due to paralysis of diaphragm

A

Polio

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23
Q

Polio also results in

A

Aseptic meningitis

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24
Q

Killed vaccine that injected to prevent polio

A

Salk

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25
Q

Bypasses GI tract and only forms IgG antibodies, not IgA

A

Salk

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26
Q

The live-attenuated vaccine for polio

A

Sabin

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27
Q

Makes IgA since goes through stomach mucosa

A

Sabin

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28
Q

The coxsackie virus is another example of a

A

Positive sense RNA

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29
Q

What are the two types of coxsackie virus?

A

A and B

-Both unencapsulated

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30
Q

As a virus, coxsackie is classified as a

A

Hands, foot, and mouth disease

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31
Q

Causes a red vesicular rash

A

Coxsackie

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32
Q

Also causes aseptic (no bacteria on gram stain) meningitis

A

Coxsackie

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33
Q

Coxsackie is most active in the

A

Summer time

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34
Q

What affects does coxsackie have on the heart?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

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35
Q

Extreme unilateral sharp pain in chest – pleurodynia

-Caused by coxsackie

A

Bornholm’s disease (Devils grip)

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36
Q

Treatment for coxsackie is

A

Supportive care

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37
Q

Naked, positive sense RNA that is classified as the common cold

A

Rhinovirus

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38
Q

Transmitted via inhalation due to it being acid labile

A

Rhinovirus

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39
Q

Rhinovirus is transmitted through

A

Fomites

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40
Q

Rhinovirus enters host cells by attaching to

A

I-CAM1

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41
Q

Needs to be in a cool temp and grows best in the 33 degree C environment of the URT

A

Rhinovirus

42
Q

There is no vaccine for

A

Rhinovirus

43
Q

Hepatitis A is classified as a

A

Naked, Positive sense RNA virus

44
Q

Hapatitis A affects the

A

Liver

45
Q

Acid stable, allowed to be transmitted fecal oral

A

Hepatitis A

46
Q

Hep A can be eliminated via

A

Purification

47
Q

What components do we need to kill Hep A during the purification process?

A

Chlorine, Bleach, UV irradiation (or boiling)

48
Q

Contaminated water is a source of Hep A in

A

Developing countries

49
Q

Can be transmitted from shellfish in contaminated sources. Pulled from poop contaminated pond

A

Hepatitis A

50
Q

Clinically silent without jaundice

A

Hepatitis A

51
Q

When clinical symptoms do appear, hepatitis A is characterized by

A

Jaundice (children less likely) and vomiting

52
Q

The vaccine for Hep A is an

A

Inactivated vaccine

53
Q

Produces one long single protein that is cleaved by viral proteases into smaller active constituents

A

Calicivirus

54
Q

Calicivirus is also a

A

Naked, positive sense RNA virus

55
Q

The most common type of calicivirus is

A

Norovirus (Norwalk Virus)

56
Q

Commonly happen with people in closed quarters, 90% of all diarrhea outbreaks on cruise

A

Norovirus

57
Q

Can be transmitted by consumption of shellfish or a situation where food is touched by people, because they can contain the virus

A

Norovirus

58
Q

Clinically, norovirus is classified as an

A

Explosive Diarrheal Illness

59
Q

What is the viral classification of flavivirus

A

Enveloped positive sense RNA

60
Q

The major flavivirus is

A

Hepatitis C

61
Q

Only a single segment of RNA, non segmented RNA

A

Flavivirus

62
Q

Another common manifestation of flavivirus is

A

Dengue fever

63
Q

Dengue fever is transmitted by the

A

Aedes egyptei mosquito

64
Q

Infects bone marrow

-Type 2

A

Dengue Fever

65
Q

We see an increased risk of bleeding and hemorrhagic fever with

A

Dengue fever

66
Q

Are also common with dengue fever (very severe)

A

Renal failure, septic shock, death

67
Q

How do we treat dengue fever?

A

On your own, supportive, and well hydrated

68
Q

Also transmitted by the aedes egyptei mosquito

A

Yellow fever

69
Q

Yellow fever is a

A

Flavivirus

70
Q

What are two clinical characteristics of yellow fever?

A

Jaundice and back ache

71
Q

Also shows bloody stool and diarrhea, with possible vomiting

A

Yellow fever

72
Q

The vaccine for yellow fever is

A

Live-attenuated

73
Q

Birds are the reservoir and mosquitoes are the vector for the

A

West Nile Virus

74
Q

Three major symptoms of west nile virus are

A

Encephalitis, meningitis, and flaccid paralysis

75
Q

What are the 4 flaviviruses?

A
  1. ) Dengue fever
  2. ) Yellow fever
  3. ) West Nile
  4. ) Hep C
76
Q

What is the viral classification of Hep C?

A

Enveloped positive sense RNA

77
Q

The common mode of transmission for Hep C is exposure to infected

A

Blood

78
Q

This can occur via

A

Blood transfusions, IV drug use, placental sex

79
Q

Hep C has variation in

A

Antigenic structure

80
Q

In Hep C, the virion coated exonuclease lacks proofreading capacity in the 3’-5’ so the RNA is prone to

A

Frequent mutations

81
Q

Hep C causes inflammation in the

A

Liver

82
Q

One clinical manifestation of Hep C is

A

Jaundice

83
Q

What percentage of people infected with Hep C will become chronic?

A

60-80%

84
Q

In Hep C infection, lymphocytes infiltrate portal tract killing hepatocytes, leading to

A

Fibrosis and cirrhosis

85
Q

Hep C can cause the liver to go into a frenzy and become malignant, leading to

A

Hepatocelular carcinoma

86
Q

An acute hep C infection will show RNA in the serum for 1st 6 months and rising

A

ALT

87
Q

Associated with cryoglobulins that precipitate out in colder temp that contain IgM

A

Hep C

88
Q

Hep C is treated with

A

Ribavirin w/ interferon alpha

89
Q

What can we also use for treatment of Hep C?

A

Protease inhibitor

90
Q

What is the viral classification of the togavirus?

A

Enveloped positive sense RNA virus

91
Q

Togavirus is not found in the

A

Nucleus

92
Q

There are 3 types of arbovirus with mosquitoes as a vector. What are they?

A
  1. ) Western equine encephalitis
  2. ) Venezuelan
  3. ) Eastern equine encephalitis
93
Q

A childhood disease that is classified as a togavirus

A

Rubella

94
Q

Congenital rubella is call the

A

TORCHeS infection

95
Q

Mental retardation, microcephaly, deafness, blindness, cataracts, jaundice, PDA, pulmonic stenosis, and blueberry muffin rash are all clinical signs of

A

Congenital rubella

96
Q

Congenital rubella is also chracterized by the MC triad, which is made up of

A

Congenital cataracts, Sensory-neural deafness, and PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)

97
Q

In children, shows post-auricle and occipital lymphadenopathy

A

Rubella

98
Q

Has the major characteristic of a distinct pattern maculopapular rash that starts on face and spreads downward

-moves faster than measles

A

Rubella

99
Q

The maculopapular rash in rubella lasts for

A

3 days

100
Q

Rubella is transmitted via

A

Respiratory droplets

Sketchy: Viruses (6 decks)

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