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Sketchy: Viruses > DNA Viruses I > Flashcards

DNA Viruses I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the viral classification of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2)?

A

Enveloped DS DNA virus

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2
Q

HSV1 and HSV2 are forms of

A

TORCHeS Virus

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3
Q

HSV1 and 2 replicate in the

A

Nucleus

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4
Q

Double stranded and linear virus

A

HSV1 and HSV2

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5
Q

Has characteristic Cowdry bodies

A

HSV1 and HSV2

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6
Q

HSV1 and 2 are transmitted via

A

Sex and Saliva

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7
Q

Affects the upper half of the body

-Called “Lip herpes”

A

HSV1

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8
Q

HSV1 1st infects as

A

Gingiva infantis

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9
Q

What is a cardinal signal of HSV1?

A

Snake like ulcers and keratoconjuctivitis

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10
Q

Can result in temporal lobe encephalitis w/ bizarre behavior

A

HSV1

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11
Q

HSV1 is the most common cause of

A

Sporadic encephalitis

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12
Q

HSV1 lies latent in the

A

Trigeminal ganglia

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13
Q

HSV1 can cause dew drop like blisters on the fingers, this is called

A

Herpetic Whitlow

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14
Q

Shows erythema multiform forming target lesions on hands and feet that move inwardly

A

HSV1

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15
Q

Transmitted by any action in the genital regions

A

HSV2

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16
Q

Characterized by painful vesicular lesion, w/ inguinal lymphadenopathy

A

HSV2

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17
Q

HSV2 lies dormant in the

A

Sacral ganglia

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18
Q

Neurologically, HSV2 can cause

A

Meningitis

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19
Q

What kind of smear do we use to look for multi-nucleated giant cells in HSV2?

A

Tzanc smear

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20
Q

There is no cure for HSV, but we can prevent breakouts with

A

Acyclovir and Valcyclovir

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21
Q

What is the viral classification of the Epstein-Barr Virus

A

Double stranded DNA virus

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22
Q

The Epstein =-Barr virus causes

A

Infectious mononucleosis

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23
Q

Shows sweating and fever

A

Infectious mononucleosis

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24
Q

Infectious mononucleosis is also classified by tender lymphadenopathy in the

A

Posterior cervical region

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25
Q

We see an increase in cytotoxic T cell in

A

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

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26
Q

Epstein-Barr shows reactive lymphocytosis, aka

A

Downy cells

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27
Q

Have ab oval or folded nucleus

A

Downy cells

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28
Q

During an Epstein-Barr infection, T cells proliferate, causing

A

Splenomegaly

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29
Q

Targets B lymphocytes (white cells) in a new host

-Remains latent in B cells

A

EBV

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30
Q

Binds to CD 21, that is a receptor for compliment component CD3, to infect B Cells

A

EBV Envelope (glycoprotein)

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31
Q

Also causes pharyngitis

A

EBV

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32
Q

Occurs in late teens and adulthood, most likely asymptomatic in children

A

Mono

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33
Q

People infected with EBV will develop a maculopapular rash when treated with

A

Penicillin

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34
Q

Will not cause an allergic reaction if the patient is infected with EBV

A

Amoxicillin and ampicillin

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35
Q

EBV increases risk factors for

A

3 Cancers

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36
Q

The weakened immune system from EBV can result in the development of

A

B cell lymphoma or Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

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37
Q

EBV can also increase the risk for Non Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Burkett lymphoma, in which the most common translocation is

A

t8:t14

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38
Q

In Asian populations, EBV can increase risk for

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

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39
Q

In patients with HIV and EBV, we can see a lesion that is NOT precancerous. This lesion is an

A

Oral hairy leukoplakia

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40
Q

EBV is diagnosed during actue infection by a

A

Monospot IgG test

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41
Q

What is the viral classification of the Cytomegalovirus?

A

DNA virus that replicates in the nucleus

42
Q

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the

A

Herpes virus family

43
Q

CMV lies latent in

A

Mononuclear cells, i.e. Leukocytes

44
Q

CMV can be inactivated when

A

Immunosuppressed

45
Q

CMV is transmitted in many things, in other words it is a

A

TORCHeS infection

46
Q

The most common fetal CMV presentation is the

A

Blueberry muffin rash

47
Q

Most common fetal viral infection, presents with blueberry muffin rash (thrombocytopenia) petechial rash like congenital rubella

A

CMV

48
Q

Other clinical manifestations of CMV include

A

Jaundice and hepatomegaly

49
Q

Can result in sensoneural hearing loss

A

CMV infection

50
Q

In the brain, CMV causes

A

Ventruculomegaly

51
Q

Results in calcifications around ventricles and periventricle calcifications

A

CMV

52
Q

Also can cause ventricular calcification

A

Toxoplasmosis

53
Q

The intracranial calcifications resulting CMV can result in

A

Mental retardation

54
Q

What percentage of the time is CMV asymptomatic?

A

80%

55
Q

The highest risk of congenital CMV occurs during the

A

2nd trimester

56
Q

Congenital CMV results in heart failure leading to severe edema. This is called

A

Hydrops Fetalis

57
Q

The #1 cause of mental retardation from viral infection and the over all #1 cause of sensorineural hearing loss

A

CMV

58
Q

Organ transplant patients can be infected with

A

CMV pneumonia

59
Q

AIDS patients are at risk for CMV if their CD4 count is below

A

50

60
Q

An occular characteristic of CMV is

A

CMV retinitis (looks like a pizza pie)

61
Q

CMV esophogolitis and colitis, differ from herpes because CMV is

A

Singular, deep, and linear

62
Q

Shows characteristic owls eye inclusion bodies

A

CMV infection

63
Q

We can treat CMV with

A

Ganciclovir

64
Q

When CMV has a UL97 gene mutation, treat with

A

Foscarnet

65
Q

CMV can cause a mononucleosis that is similar to regular mono, with the exception that the monospot test would be

A

Negative

66
Q

What is the viral classification of the Varicella Virus?

A

Enveloped, DS DNA Virus

67
Q

Varicella virus causes the

A

Chicken Pox

68
Q

Varicella is transmitted by

A

Respiratory droplets

69
Q

Has the characteristic vesicular rash that is described as dew drops on a rose petal

A

Varicella Zoster Virus

70
Q

In a case of the chicken pox, every rash is in a different stage of

A

Healing

71
Q

The tzank smear for a varicella zoster infection shows

A

Multinucleated giant cells

72
Q

Adults who get chicken pox can also get

A

Pneumonia

73
Q

The vaccine for Varicella is a

A

Live vaccine

74
Q

To treat varicella, we give

A

Acyclovir

75
Q

Varicella virus remains latent to

A

Dorsal root ganglia

76
Q

Varicella Zoster can become reactivated in older individuals as

A

Shingles

77
Q

Dew drop like vesicles on an erythematous base, reactivates and travels down dorsal root in a dermatome pattern. Rarely cross the midline

A

Shingles

78
Q

If the dermatome pattern crosses the midline then it means that we are dealing with

A

Disseminated VCV

79
Q

The shingles rash is very

A

Painful

80
Q

We can see pain after shingles, called

A

Post herpetic neuralgia

81
Q

We can also see this virus infect the trigeminal nerve and cause loss of vision. This is called

A

Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus

82
Q

We should give the Zoster vaccine for shingles vaccine to adults over

A

60

83
Q

HIV patients can get zoster vaccine as long as their CD4 count is

A

Above 200

84
Q

We can treat Shingles and Zoster with

A

Acyclovir, Famcyclovir, and Valcyclovir

85
Q

Congenital varicella syndrome causes

A

Limb hypoplasia, Cutaneous scarring in a dermatomal pattern, and blindness

86
Q

What is the viral classification of Human Herpes Virus 6?

A

DS DNA Virus

87
Q

Human Herpes Virus 6 results in

A

Roseola (6th Disease)

88
Q

An illness that occurs between 6 months and 2 years of age, high fever, then diffuse maculopapular lacy rash that spares the face

A

Roseola

89
Q

Roseola is accompanied by a maculopapular rash that spares the

A

Face

90
Q

What is the fever characteristic of Roseola?

A

4 day fever of over 104 degrees

91
Q

In 6th disease (Roseola) The fever lasts for 4 days and then we see the appearance of the

A

Rash

92
Q

There is no treatment for Roseola, we simply must try to keep the patient

A

Cool

93
Q

What is the viral classification of HHV 8 (Karposi)?

A

DS DNA virus of the herpes family

94
Q

HHV8 causes

A

Immunosuppression

95
Q

Commonly infects AIDS patients

A

HHV8

96
Q

Erythematous violaceous lesions on nose, extremities, and mucous membranes and may be present as a plaque, patch, macule, or nodule

A

HHV8

97
Q

These characteristics rise from primitive mesenchymal cells involving angiogenesis causing the

A

Violaceus color

98
Q

HHV8 causes the dysregulation of

A

VEGF

99
Q

Also results in introintestinal lesions

A

HHV8

100
Q

The most common lesions seen with HHV8 are in the

A

Hard palate

Sketchy: Viruses (6 decks)

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