DNA Viruses II Flashcards
HHV8 can cause a B Cell Lymphoma called
Primary Infusion Lymphoma
HHV8 is transmitted via the
Kissing population
Are particularly at risk for HHV8 infection
Elderly Russian men
Results in confusion with bartonella hensleae
HHV8
HHV8 is differentiated from Barton’s with
Lymphocyte infiltrate
Has a neutrophil infiltrate
Bacillary angiomatosis
To treat HHV8, we just use
ADIS therapy
What is the viral classification of Polyomavirus?
Naked DS DNA virus
A circular DS DNA virus
Polyolyoma Virus
What are the two main types of polyolyoma virus?
JC (John Cunningham) virus, and BK virus
Causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
- Happens to immunocompromised people
Polyoma virus
People with AIDS are at risk for JC virus if their CD4 counts are below
200
A demylination disease and is multifocal
JC Virus
One half of people who get it die within a few months of getting it
JC disease
JC causes non-enhancing multifocal brain lesions in white matter. This is caused
Leukoencephalopathy
In JC infection, neurons become
Demyelinated
A classic presentation of JC (A polyoma) virus is
AIDS patient with motor neuropathy
BK virus causes
Nephropathy
BK virus causes hemorrhagic cystitis, which results in
Peeing red (blood)
Commonly affects transplanted patients with Kidney nephropathy and bone transplant
BK virus
A classic presentation of BK virus is a
Renal patient on immunosuppressants that has hematuria
What is the viral classification of the HPV virus
Naked DS DNA Virus
Cause Verruca Vulgaris, the cutaneous common wart
HPV 1 and HPV 4
Cause laryngeal Papillomatosis (recurrent respiratory papillomatosis), anal genital warts (condo Loma accumulata) (condyloma lata = syphilis)
HPV 6 and HPV 11
Cause anogenital carcinoma (Squamous Cell Carcinoma)
HPV 16 and 18
HPV 31 and 33 also cause
Anogenital Carcinoma
An inactivated quadrivalent vaccine against certain types of HPV
Gardasil
Gardasil protects against which types of HPV?
6, 11, 16, and 18
The most common STD
HPV
Able to upset the cell cycle, tumor suppress or proteins p53 and RB stop the advancement from G1 to S phase
HPV
HPV encodes E6 and E7 to promote the proteolysis of
p53 and RB
Cracks p53 like a crab cracker cracks shells
E6
Stops the progression of transition to G1S phase
p53
Attacks RB to prevent it
E7
The key buzz phrase that suggests cancer from HPV is
Bleeding after sex
To test for HPV, we sample the transformation zone to detect morphological changes. More specifically, we are looking for
Koilocytes
Important risk factor for HPV is immunosuppression, especially in HIV population and can result in
Anal or Penile Cancer
What is the viral classification of Parvovirus?
Naked SS DNA virus
The smallest virus
Parvovirus B19
Parvovirus B19 is transmitted via
Respiratory droplets
Causes slapped cheek disease, also known as fifths disease or erythema infectiosum
Parvo B19
Low grade fever that lasts a week, then becomes a lacy reticular pattern that goes down the body
5th’s disease
In 5th disease, the Erythema starts on the
Face and then moves down
In adults, Parvo shows the signs and symptoms of
Joint pain, arthritis, and soreness
Parvo B19 leads to aplastic anemia in sickle cell patients has a
Cobweb look
When a baby in utero is exposed to Parvo, the consequences are severe and may lead to
Hydrops fetalis
Massive edema leading to fetal demise
Hydrops Fetalis
What is the viral classification of Adenovirus?
Naked DNA virus
Affects the adenoids and oropharynx
Adenovirus
Adenovirus is transmitted via
Respiratory droplets and fecal-oral
Most at risk is little children, military recruits, and public pools
Adenovirus
Adenovirus causes
-Red urine
Hemorrhagic Cystitis
What are the three major disease processes of Adenovirus?
Tonsilitis, Hemorrhagic cystitis, and viral conjunctivitis
Soldiers will always get a vaccine for adenovirus. The vaccine is a
Live vaccine
What is the viral classification of the Pox virus?
DS DNA virus
Comes with everything it needs inside of it, even making their own envelopes
Pox Virus
Replicates in the cytoplasm and brings its own RNA polymerase to produce all of the proteins it needs, including DNA pol
Pox Virus
Where the cirrus of the pox virus will replicate in the cytoplasm
Guarneri inclusion bodies
Forms intra-cytoplasmic bodies in cells they infect
Pox virus
Pox virus does not need to go into the
Nucleus
Finding on a biopsy which is diagnostic for Pox virus
Guarneri inclusion bodies
Has a dumbbell shaped core
Pox virus
The largest known DNA virus
Pox virus
Small Pox virus raised skin on surfaces
Variola
Causes symptoms similar to small pox
Cow pox
Characterized by flesh colored, dome shaped umbilicated lesions on trunk
Molluscum contageosum virus
Has sexual transmission in adults, with only a single lesion
Molluscum contageosum virus
If the lesion from molluscum contageosum spreads diffusely, it is due to
Immunosuppression
The major DNA virus from the Hepadnavirus family
Hepatitis B
What is the viral classification of Hep B?
Enveloped DS DNA virus
Replicates both inside the nucleus and outside the nucleus
Hepatitis B
Circular and partially double stranded DNA, and becomes fully double stranded during replication
Hepatitis B
Hep B goes from SS DNA to SS RNA then to DS DNA, because it contains its own
Reverse Transcriptase
We can see vertical transmission of Hep B when there is
Blood during childbirth
Only about 5-10% develops into chronic infection in adults
Hep B
What is the chance of development in newborns?
90-95%
Most common disorders w/ rash and arthritis, and poly arteritis nodosa (beads on a string appearance)
Hep B
What type of rash is accompanied by Hep B?
Purpuric rash
In Hep B, the kidneys are damaged by
Polyarteritis nodosa
Causes membranous, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Hep B
What is a characteristic enzymatic sign of Hep B infection?
Rising ALT
In the initial phase of HBV infection, serum ALT will be normal in
Neonates
In the titer, leads to ground glass appearance
Hep B surface Antigen
When there has not been enough time to create antibodies, we see spikey things that look like antigen hanging off of a virus. These are the
Hep B E antigen
The Hep B surface antigen and the E antigen are seen during the
Symptomatic phase
Positive in the window period
Anti-HEP B core antibody
Presence of the anti-HEP B antibody means
Low infectivity
Presence of the Anti Hep B Surface Antibody indicates
Recovery
This is the value that is checked for immunization, and will be the only one that is positive
Anti-Hep B antibody
Immunized people will not be positive for
HEP B Core or HEP B E antibodies
What is the long term sequellae of long term Hep B infections
Liver cancer
Circular RNA NEG, Enveloped needs HEP B surface antigen to cause infection
HEP D
To become infected with HBV, we need
HEP B Sag
Post infection from what has worse outcomes?
HEP D
There is a superinfection when Hep D is transmitted on top of existing
HEP B infection
How can we treat HBV?
Lamivudine and NRTIs
Can also be used to treat Hep B
Interferon Alpha
Neonates at risk for HBV should get
Ig w/ Hep B vaccine
What is the histological appearance of HBV?
Ground glass appearance
