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RNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

All viruses are haploid except

A

retroviruses

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2
Q

Viruses with segmented genome

A 
B-O-A-R
Bunyaviruses
Orthomyxoviruses (influenza)
Arenaviruses
Reoviruses
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3
Q

Negative strand RNA viruses

A 
Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
Arenaviruses
Bunyaviruses
Paramyxoviruses
Orthomyxoviruses
Filoviruses
Rhabdoviruses
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4
Q

RNA viruses Positive Sense

A

I went to a RETRO TOGA party, where I drank FLAVored CORONA beer and ate HIPPY CALIfornia PICkles.
Retrovirus, Togavirus, Flavivirus, Coronavirus, Hepevirus, Calicivirus, Picornavirus

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5
Q

All RNA viruses have single stranded DNA except

A

Reovirus and Rotavirus

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6
Q

All DNA viruses replicate in the cytoplasm except

A

Influenza and retrovirus

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7
Q

Picornaviridae

A

PERCHed on a PIC

Poliovirus, Echovirus, Rhinovirus, Coxsackievirus, Hepatitis A virus, PICornaviridae

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8
Q

Naked nucleocapsid w/ single stranded positive polarity RNA

Replicates in motor neurons in anterior horn of spinal cord causing paralysis

A

Poliovirus

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9
Q

Most clinical form of Poliovirus

A

Abortive poliomyelitis

Others:
Nonparalytic poliomyelitis - aseptic meningitis
Paralytic poliomyelitis - flaccid paralysis; permanent motor nerve damage

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10
Q

Prevention of poliovirus

A

Killed (Salk IPV)

Live, attenuated (Sabin OPV)

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11
Q

Fever, sorethroat, and tender vesicles in oropharynx

A

Herpangina

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12
Q

Vesicular rash on hands and feet and ulcerations in the mouth

A

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease

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13
Q

MC viral cause of myocarditis and pericarditis

A

Coxsackie virus

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14
Q

MC viral cause of endocarditis

A

Enteroviruses

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15
Q

MCC of aseptic meningitis

A

Enteroviruses

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16
Q

Another term of echovirus

A

Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan

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17
Q

MCC of common colds

A

Rhinovirus

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18
Q

Enterovirus 72

A

Hepatitis A

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19
Q

Most important test for Hepatitis A

A

anti-HAV IgM

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20
Q

Caliciviridae

A 
Hepatitis E 
Norwalk virus (Norovirus)
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21
Q

Highest mortality of Hepatitis E

A

Pregnant women

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22
Q

Orthomyxoviridae

A

Influenza virus

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23
Q

Enveloped virus with a HELICAL nucleocapsid and segmented, ss negative RNA w/c may cause pandemics and epidemics

A

Influenza virus

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24
Q

Influenza type w/c causes pandemics

A

Influenza A

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25
Q

Influenza type w/c causes major outbreaks (epidemics)

Only a human virus and there are no animal sources of new RNA segments

A

Influenza B

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26
Q

Influenza type w/c causes mild respiratory tract infection but does not cause outbreaks of influenza

A

Influenza C

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27
Q

2 major antigens of Influenza

A

Hemagglutinin (H)

Neuraminidase (N)

28
Q

Antigen that binds to cell surface receptor (neuraminic acid, sialic acid) to initiate infection of the cell
Target of neurtralizing antibody

A

Hemagglutinin

29
Q

Cleaves neuraminic acid (sialic acid) to release progeny virus from the infected cell
Also degrades the protective layer of mucus in the respiratory tract -> enhances access to the respiratory epithelial cells

A

Neuraminidase

30
Q

Causes major changes on the reassortment of segments of the genome RNA
SUDDEN change in the molecular structure of a microorganism -> new strains -> little or no acquired immunity to these NOVEL strain -> new epidemics or pandemics

A

Antigenic Shift

31
Q

Causes minor changes base on mutation in the genome of RNA
SLOW and PROGRESSIVE change in the antigenic composition of microorganisms -> altered immunological responses and susceptibility

A

Antigenic Drift

32
Q

DOC of Influenza

A

Oseltamivir or Zanamivir

Amantadin or rimantadine for Influenza A

33
Q

Paramyxoviridae

A 
PaRaMyxoviruses
Parainfluenza virus
RSV
Measles virus
Mumps virus
34
Q

Cardinal manifestation of Measles

A

3Cs

Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis Koplik spots

35
Q

Complication caused by measles

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) or Damson Disease

36
Q

Vitamin given to reduce severity of measles

37
Q

Manifestations of Mumps

A

Mumps makes your parotids and testes as big as POM-poms

Parotitis, Orchitis, Meningitis (aseptic)

38
Q

What are the surface spikes of RSV

A

Fusion proteins

39
Q

DOC for RSV

40
Q

Characterized by inspiratory stridor, cough, and hoarseness

Disease caused by Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis (CROUP)

41
Q

Xray finding in Laryngotracheobronchitis (CROUP)

A

Steeple sign

42
Q

DOC for Laryngotracheobronchitis (CROUP)

A

Racemic epinephrine

43
Q

BULLET shaped enveloped virus with a helical nucleocapsid and one piece of SS, negative polarity RNA

A

Rhabdoviridae

Rabies virus

44
Q

virus that multiplies locally at bite site, infects sensory neurons and moves by axonal transport to CNS

A

Rabies virus

45
Q

HP findings of Rabies

A

Negri bodies

46
Q

Enveloped virus with helical nucleocapsid and one piece of SS positive polarity with a prominent club shaped spikes

A

Corona virus

47
Q

Atypical pneumonia rapidly progressing to ARDS due to the virus binding to ACE-2 receptor
CXray- non cavitary ground glass infiltrates

A

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

48
Q

Enveloped virus with ICOSAHEDRAL nucleocapsid and 1 piece of SS, positive polarity RNA

A

Dengue virus

49
Q

Main cause of essential mixed cryoglobulinemia

A

Hepatitis C

50
Q

Togaviridae

A

Rubella virus

51
Q

Manifestations of Congenital Rubella

A 
5Bs of Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Bulag (cataracts)
Bingi (sensory neural deafness)
Bobo (MR)
Butas ang puso (PDA)
Blueberry muffin baby
52
Q

RNA virus distinguished from all other RNA viruses by presence of an enzyme, reverse transcriptase w/c converts a single stranded RNA viral genome into double stranded viral DNA

A

Retroviridae

53
Q

Enveloped virus with 2 copies (diploid) or a single stranded; positive polarity RNA genome

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

54
Q

Structural genes of HIV

A

Gap - p24, p7 (nucleocapsid)
P17 (matrix)
Pol- reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase
Env- gp120, gp41

55
Q

Gag protein in HIV used as a serologic marker of infection

56
Q

ENV gene in HIV w/c interacts with CD4 receptor and best target for antibody

57
Q

Regulatory gene in HIV used in activation of transcription of viral genes

58
Q

Regulatory gene in HIV used to transport late mRNAs to cytoplasm

59
Q

Regulatory gene in HIV that decreases CD4 and class I MHC proteins

60
Q

Definitive test for HIV

A

Western blot analysis

61
Q

Treatment for HIV

A

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

  • 2 nucleoside inhibitors (Zidovudine & lamivudine)
  • Protease inhibitor (indinavir)
62
Q

Retrovirus causing adult T-cell leukemia

HP: malignant T cells w/ flower shaped nucleus

A

Human T cell Lymphotropic virus (HTLV)

63
Q

Thread like viruses

longest virus

A

Ebola virus

Ebola hemorrhagic fever

64
Q

Flavivirus w/c initially cause self limited febrile illness that may progress to neuroinvasive disease

A

West nile virus

bird-mosquito-man cycle

65
Q

Flavivirus w/c is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and causes thalamic infarcts on CT scan

A

Japanese B encephalitis

66
Q

RNA virus that replicates in the anterior

horn of spinal cord causing paralysis

A

Poliovirus

Microbiology (10 decks)

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