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Microbiology > Gram (+) & Gram (-) organism > Flashcards

Gram (+) & Gram (-) organism Flashcards

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1
Q

Gram (+), catalase (+), coagulase (+)

A

Staph Aureus

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2
Q

Gram (+), catalase (+), coagulase (-), Novobiocin sensitive

A

Staph Epidermidis

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3
Q

Gram (+), catalase (+), coagulase (-), Novobiocin resistant

A

Staph Saprophyticus

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4
Q

Gold color in Staph Aureus is due to

A

Staphyloxanthin

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5
Q

Staph Aureus immunomodulator that prevent complement activation

A

Protein A

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6
Q

Exotoxin of Staph aureus responsible of TSS

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST-1)

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7
Q

Exotoxin of Staph aureus w/c causes marcked necrosis of skin and hemolysis

A

Alpha toxin

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8
Q

Causes mastitis and bullous empitigo

A

Staph Aureus

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9
Q

Causes Hidradenitis suppurativa

A

Staph Aureus

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10
Q

Native valve affected in Acute endocarditis cause by Staph Aureus in IV drug users

A

Tricuspid valve

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11
Q

Pneumonia caused by Staph Aureus

A

Necrotizing pneumonia complicated by empyema, pneumatocele

Post-viral pneumonia

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12
Q

Brodie abscess

A

Staph aureus

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13
Q

Gastroenteritis after eating salad made of mayonnaise (potato or tuna salad)

A

Staph aureus

Staph enterotoxin

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14
Q

Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritter disease) caused by

A

Staph aureus

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15
Q

Scalded Skin Syndrome exfoliation cleaves ________ in desmosomes
Separation of epidermis at _________

A

Desmoglein
Stratum granulosum

distinguish from TEN(Lyell disease) full thickness burns
–separation at dermo-epidermal junction

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16
Q

Patient presented with fever, hypotension, strawberry tongue, desquamating rash and multiorgan involvement
Hx tampon using and nasal packing

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

- no site of pyogenic inflammation

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17
Q

Exotoxin that causes Scarlet fever

A

Erythrogenic toxin

Strep pyogenes

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18
Q

Protease from S. pyogenes that rapidly destroys tissue causing necrotizing fasciitis

A

Exotoxin B

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19
Q

Titers to document antecedent pharyngitis

A

Anti-streptolysin 0

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20
Q

Titers to document antecedent skin infection

A

Anti- DNAse B

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21
Q

Causes impetigo contagiosa and Erysipelas

A

Strep Pyogenes

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22
Q

Cellulitis in Strep pyogenes is facilated by what virulence enzyme?

A

Hyaluronidase (spreading factor)

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23
Q

Causes Scarlet fever

A

Strep Pyogenes

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24
Q

Due to erythrogenic toxin, causes fever, strawberry tongue, centrifugal rash (sand paper like), Pastia’s Lines

A

Scarlet fever

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25
Q

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome is due?

A

Pyogenic Exotoxin A

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26
Q

What virulence factor is responsible for Rheumatic fever in post pharyngitic px

A

M proteins (molecular mimicry)

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27
Q

Jone’s Criteria for ARF

A 
PECCS
Polyarthritis
Erythema marginatum
Chorea (Sydenham's) / St. Vitus dance
Carditis (Pancarditis)
Subcutaneous nodules
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28
Q

Clinical Sequelae of postpharyngitic or post impetigo

A

Glomerulonephritis/ ARF

Tx. Pen G

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29
Q

Glomerulonephritis is due to

A

M protein w/c incites immune complex deposition on the glomerular basement membrane

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30
Q 
Gram (+) cocci Catalase (-) Beta hemolytic Bacitracin Resistant
Hydrolyze Hippurate
CAMP test-positive
Lancefield group B
Grow using LIM broth
A

Strep Agalactiae

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31
Q

Gamma non hemolytic,
Hydrolyzes esculin in bile esculin agar (BEA)
Positive PYR test

A

Group D Streptococci

enterococcus

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32
Q

Grow in 6.5% NaCL

A

Enterococcus faecalis

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33
Q

Dont grow in 6.5 % NaCL

A

Strep Bovis

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34
Q

Cause of endocarditis in px who underwent GIT surgery

A

Enterococcus Faecalis

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35
Q

Marantic endocarditis in patients w/ abdominal malignancy

A

Strep. Bovis

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36
Q

Common cause of Atypical Pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Legionella Pneumoniae
Clamydia Penumoniae

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37
Q

Gram (+) “Lancet shaped” cocci in pairs (diplococci)
Bile Optochin Sensitive
Alpha hemolytic
Quellung positive

A

Strep Pneumoniae

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38
Q

Encapsulated Bacteria

A 
Some Killers Have Pretty Nice and Shiny Bodies
S. Pneumoniae
Klebsiella Pneumoniae
H. Influenza
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Neisseria meningitidis
Salmonella Typhi
B group Strep (agalactiae)
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39
Q

Pneumonia cause by Strep Pneumoniae

A

Productive cough (rust colored sputum), lobar pattern

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40
Q

Gram (+) rods Spore Forming,

Aerobic, nonmotile, Box-car shaped, medusa head

A

Bacillus Anthracis

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41
Q

Gram (+) rods Spore forming,

Aerobic, motile, reheated fried rice

A

Bacillus Cereus

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42
Q

Gram (+) rods Spore forming,

Anaerobic lollipop like, tennis racket like, (+) terminal spore

A

Clostridium Tetani

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43
Q

Gram (+) rods Spore forming,

Anaerobic, bulging cans, honey

A

Clostridium Botulinum

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44
Q

Gram (+) rods Spore forming,

Anaerobic, Lecithinase gas forming

A

Clostridium perfringens

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45
Q

Gram (+) rods Spore forming,

Anaerobic, pseudomembranes, antibiotic associated diarrhea

A

Clostridium difficile

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46
Q

Gram (+) rods non Spore forming,

Aerobic, nonmotile, chinese characters

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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47
Q

Gram (+) rods non Spore forming,

aerobic, curved, tumbling motility

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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48
Q

Woolsorter’s Disease

A

Bacillus anthracis

Inhalational Anthrax

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49
Q

Direct epidermal contact w/ spores causes formation of malignant pustule w/ subsequent eschar & central necrosis

A

Cutaneous anthrax

Tx. Ciprofloxacin

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50
Q

DOC for cutaneous anthrax

A

Ciprofloxacin

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51
Q

DOC for inhalational/gastrointestinal anthrax

A

Ciprofloxacin w/ 1 or 2 additional anibiotics (rifampin, vancomycin,pinicillin, imipenem)

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52
Q

Causes of Pulmonary Hemorrhage

A

Inhalational Anthrax
Congenital syphilis
Weils syndrome

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53
Q

Protease that cleaves protein involved in the release of glycine from Renshaw cells in spinal cord

A

Tetanospasmin

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54
Q

MOA of botulinum toxin

A

Blocks acetylcholine release causes flaccid paralysis (descending pattern)

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55
Q

Exotoxin used in botox

A

Exotoxin A

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56
Q

Triad of Botulism

A

Symmetric descending flaccid paralysis (w/ prominent bulbar involvement)
Absence of fever
Intact sensorium

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57
Q

Floppy Baby Syndrome

A

Infant botulism

due to absence of competitive bowel microbes

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58
Q

Double hemolysis on blood agar

Growth in egg yolk agar

A

Clostridium perfringens

59
Q

Gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens is due to what exotoxin

A

Alpha toxin

60
Q

Nonbloody diarrhea associated w/ pseudomembranes (yellow white plaques) on colonic mucosa
Toxic megacolon

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

caused by Clostridium difficile

61
Q

Antibiotics that suppress normal flora and allow C. difficile to grow

A

Clindamycin, 2nd & 3rd gen ceph & ampicillin

62
Q

Associated with metachromatic granules (Babes-Ernst granules/volutin granules)

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

63
Q

ABCDEFG of Diphtheria

A 
ADP-ribosylation
Beta-prophage
Corynebacterium
Diphtheriae
Elongation Factor 2
Granules (Metachromatic)
64
Q

Beta Prophage

ABCDE of beta prophage encoded toxins

A 
ShigA-like toxin (EHEC)
Botulinum toxin
Cholera toxin
Diphtheria toxin
Erythrogenic toxin (S. Pyogenes)
65
Q

Condition with prominent thick, gray pseudomembranes over tonsils and throat

A

Diphtheria

66
Q

Assoc with unpasteurized milk products causing granulomatosis infantiseptica

A

Listeria monocytogenes

67
Q

Gram (-) diplococci encapsulated ferments glucose and maltose

A

Neisseria meningitidis

68
Q

Gram (-) diplococci nonencapsulated ferments glucose only

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

69
Q

Petechial or purpuric rash seen in meningococcemia

A

Purpura fulminans

70
Q

Most severe form of meningococcemia;

High fever, shock, DIC and adrenal insufficiency

A

Waterhouse Friderichson Syndrome

71
Q

DOC for meningitis, meningococcemia

A

Penicillin G

72
Q

Prevention of meningitis, meningococcemia

A

Vaccine Capsular polysaccharide of Strains A, C, Y and W 135

Chemoprophylaxis: rifampin & ciprofloxacin

73
Q

Condition where there is purulent conjunctivitis in newborn due to N gonorrhea

A

Opthalmia Neonatorum

74
Q

Perihepatic complication of N. Gonorrhea PID w/c manifests with violin string

A

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

75
Q

DOC for Uncomplicated Gonorrhea Cervicitis

A

Cefexime

76
Q

Causes culture negative subacute bacterial endocarditis in patients with preexisting heart disease

A

Eikenella corrodens & Kingella kingae

77
Q

HACEK organisms

A 
H. aphrophilus
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
Kingella kingae
78
Q

Gram (-) rods enriched chocolate agar, polyribitol phosphate capsule

A

H. Influenzae type b

79
Q

Gram (-) rods Bordet-Gengou agar, whooping cough ; Regan Lowe charcoal medium

A

Bordetella pertussis

80
Q

Gram (-) poorly gram staining, silver stain, charcoal yeast agar, aircoditioning
Rapid urinary antigen test

A

Legionella pneumophilla

81
Q

Satellite phenomenon around S aureus colonies

A

H. Influenzae

82
Q

Responsible for the invasiveness of H influenzae

A

Type b (polyribitol phosphate)

83
Q

Cherry red epiglottitis; thumb sign

A

H. Influenzae

84
Q

DOC for H. influenzae caused Epiglottitis, Meningitis, OM

A

Ceftriaxone

85
Q

Cause of the whooping in pertussis

A

Tracheal cytotoxin

86
Q

Paroxysmal pattern of hacking coughs, accompanied by production of copious amounts of mucus that end with inspiratory whoop

A

Pertussis

87
Q

DOC for pertussis

A

Erythromycin

88
Q

Pneumonia accompanied by confusion, non bloody diarrhea, hyponatremia, proteinuria, hematuria
Pontiac fever

A

Legionnaire’s disease

Legionella pneumophila

89
Q

Gram (-) rods Lactose fermenter, green sheen, EMB or MacConkey agar

A

E.coli

90
Q

Gram (-) rods Lactose fermenter, urease positive, ESBL

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

91
Q

Gram (-) rods comma-shaped, motile, oxidase positive, shooting star

A

Vibrio cholerae

92
Q

Gram (-) rods comma-shaped, microaerophilic, skirrow’s agar

A

Campylobacter jejuni

93
Q

Gram (-) rods comma-shaped, urease (+) Oxidase (+)

A

Helicobacter pylori

94
Q

Non-lactose fermenting gram (-) rods motile, oxidase (-) H2S producer

A

Salmonella spp.

95
Q

Non-lactose fermenting gram (-) rods non motile, oxidase negative, H2S nonproducer

A

Shigella spp

96
Q

Non-lactose fermenting gram (-) rods, Swarming, oxidase negative, H2S producer, Urease

A

Proteus mirabilis

97
Q

Non-lactose fermenting gram (-) rods Oxidase (+) H2S nonproducer obligate aerobe, multidrug resistant

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

98
Q

Cause of pneumonia, & neonatal meningitis in E.coli

A

Capsule (K)

99
Q

Cause of Septic Shock in E.coli

A

Endotoxin (O)

100
Q

Enterotoxin that cause watery diarrhea

A

HST & HLT

101
Q

Enterotoxin that cause bloody diarrhea

A

Verotoxin (Shiga-like)

102
Q

Cause of Neonatal Meningitis

A

B-E-L
B group streptococci (S. agalactiae)
E. coli
Listeria monocytogenes

103
Q

Traveller’s Diarrhea

A

ETEC

104
Q

Causes bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and HUS

A

EHEC

105
Q

Montezuma’s revenge

A

ETEC

106
Q

Serotype of EHEC

A

E.coli 0157:H7

107
Q

DOC for E.coli cause UTI

A

Ampicillin/ sulfonamides

108
Q

DOC for E.coli cause meningitis, sepsis

A

3rd gen Cephalosporins

109
Q

Test to detect salmonella antibodies in patient’s serum

A

Widal’s test

110
Q

Salmonella that causes Enterocolitis

A

S. enteritidis/ S. typhimurium

111
Q

What virulence factor causes Typhoid fever

A

Vi Capsular antigen

112
Q

Etiologic agent for septicemia in patients with sickle cell anemia or cancer

A

Salmonella choleraesuis

113
Q

Week in typhoid fever where (+) rose spots, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice

A

Week 2 (Urine)

114
Q

Week in typhoid fever where (+) bleeding, ileitis, pneumonia

A

Week 3 (Stool)

115
Q

Week in typhoid fever where (+) stepwise fever, relative bradycardia

A

Week 1 (Blood)

116
Q

DOC for Typhoid fever in Philippines

A

Amoxicillin, chloramphenecol, co-trimoxazole

117
Q

DOC for Typhoid fever

A

Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin

118
Q

Part of the GIT that Shigella invades

A

Distal ileum and colon

119
Q

Duval’s bacillus

A

Group D Shigella sonnei

120
Q

Newcastle Manchester Bacillus

A

Group C Shigella boydii

121
Q

Shiga Bacillus

A

Shigella dysenteriae type 1

122
Q

Schmitz Bacillus

A

Shigella dysenteriae type 2

123
Q

Hiss and Russell’s bacillus; Flexner’s bacillus

A

Group B Shigella flexneri

124
Q

Transmitted through raw seafood (sushi) causing gastroenteritis

A

V. parahaemolyticus

125
Q

Transmitted through eating raw shellfish causing gastroenteritis

A

V. vulnificus

126
Q

Pandemics caused by Vibrio cholerae

A

Vibrio Cholerae 01 biotype El Tor

127
Q

ADP ribosylation

A 
Activates Gs (Choleragen)
Inactivates Gi (Pertussis toxin)
128
Q

Causes watery, foul smelling diarrhea followed by bloody stools accompanied with fever, severe abdominal pain (usually after eating undercooked chicken)

A

Campylobacter jejuni

129
Q

Campylobacter jejuni is associated with

A 
GBS
Reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome)
130
Q

Triad Reiter’s syndrome

A

Urethritis, Uveitis, Arthritis

131
Q

Urease Positive Bacteria

A 
Particular Kinds Have Urease
Proteus mirabilis
Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Helicobacter pylori
Ureaplasma urealyticum
132
Q

DOC for H. Pylori infection

A

Omeprazole + Clarithromycin + Metronidazole or Amoxicillin

133
Q

Causes Red “currant jelly” sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

134
Q 
4A's
Aspiration Pneumonia
Abscess in lungs and liver
Alcoholics
diAbetics
A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

135
Q

Struvite stones composition

A

Magnesium-ammonium-phosphate

136
Q

DOC for complicated UTI due to P mirabilis

A

TMP-SMX or ampicillin

137
Q

Blue-green pigment seen in Pseudomonas aeroginosa

A

Pyocyanin

138
Q

Etiologic agent in burn wound infection, hot tub folliculitis, skin graft loss due to infection & green nail syndrome

A

Pseudomonas aeroginosa

139
Q

Associated with ventilator acquired pneumonia and High risk CAP

A

Pseudomonas aeroginosa

140
Q

Structural lung lesions in Pseudomonas cause Pneumonia

A

Bronchiectasis

Cystic fibrosis

141
Q

Typhlitis (necrotizing enterocolitis)

A

Pseudomonas aeroginosa

142
Q

Shanghai fever

Peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

A

Pseudomonas aeroginosa

143
Q

Gram (-) rods, anaerobic with no lipid A in outer cell membrane causes infections commonly due to combinations of bacteria in synergistic pathogenicity

A

Bacteroides Fragilis

144
Q

Gram (+) beta hemolytic bacitracin resistant
hydrolyze hippurate
CAMP test positive

A

Strep Agalactiae

Microbiology (10 decks)

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