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Biochemistry > RNA & the Genetic Code > Flashcards

RNA & the Genetic Code Flashcards

1
Q

unit of DNA that encodes a specific protein or RNA molecule, and through transcription and translation, that gene can be expressed

A

gene

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2
Q

carries the info specifying the AA sequence of the protein to the ribosome

A

mRNA

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3
Q

responsible for converting the language of nucleic acids to the language of AA and peptides

A

tRNA

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4
Q

synthesized in the nucleolus and functions as an integral part of the ribosomal machinery used during protein assembly in the cytoplasm

A

rRNA

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5
Q

three letter “word” that is translated into an AA

A

codon

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6
Q

located on tRNA that recognizes the codon of mRNA

A

anti-codon

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7
Q

AUG codes for methionine

A

start codon

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8
Q

UGA, UAG, UAA

A

stop codons

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9
Q

more than one codon can specify a single AA

A

degenerate

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10
Q

variable third base in codon

A

wobble position

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11
Q

mutation where one AA substitutes for another

A

missense mutation

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12
Q

mutation where codon now encodes for a premature stop codon

A

nonsense mutation

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13
Q

occurs when some # of nucleotides are added or deleted

A

frameshift mutation

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14
Q

creation of mRNA from DNA template

A

transcription

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15
Q

binding site for RNA polymerase in the promoter region that is high in thymine and adenine bases

A

TATA Box

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16
Q

located in nucleolus and synthesizes rRNA

A

RNA polymerase I

17
Q

located nucleus and synthesize hnRNA(pre-processed mRNA) and some smaller nuclear RNA (snRNA)

A

RNA polymerase II

18
Q

located nucleus and synthesize tRNA and some rRNA

A

RNA polymerase III

19
Q

primary transcript from which mRNA is derived

A

hnRNA

20
Q

splices the transcript to remove noncoding sequences (introns)

A

spliceosome

21
Q

7-methylguanylate triphosphate cap added during the process of transcription & recognized by the Ribosome as the binding site; protects mRNA from degradation in cytoplasm

A

5’ cap

22
Q

polyadenosyl tail (poly-A) composed of adenine bases, protects mRNA transcript from rapid degradation in cytoplasm

A

3’ Poly-A Tail

23
Q

converting mRNA transcript into functional proteins

A

translation

24
Q

composed of proteins and rRNA

A

ribosome

25
Q

cluster of genes transcribed as a single mRNA

A

operon

26
Q

transcription-activating proteins that search the DNA looking for specific DNA-binding motifs

A

transcription factors

27
Q

binds to a specific nucleotide sequence in the promoter region to help recruitment of transcriptional machinery

A

DNA-binding domain

28
Q

allows for the binding of several transcription factors and other important regulatory proteins

A

activation domain

29
Q

proteins involved in chromatin remodeling

A

histone acetylases

30
Q

add methyl groups to cytosine and adenine nucleotides; often linked with silencing of gene expression

A

DNA methylases

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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