DNA & Biotechnology Flashcards
composed of a five-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base and are formed by covalently linking the base to C-1 of the sugar
Nucleoside
formed when one or more phosphate groups are attached to C-5 of a nucleoside
Nucleotide
has an H at C-2
deoxyribose
formed as nucleotides are joined by 3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds
sugar phosphate backbone
contain two rings in their structure. Adenine and guanine
Purines
contain only one ring. Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil
Pyrimidines
%A=%T
%G=%C
Chargaff’s Rule
composed of DNA wrapped around histone proteins
Nucleosomes
set of specialized proteins that assist the DNA polymerase
replisome or Replication complex
enzyme responsible for unwinding DNA
Helicase
bind to the unraveled strand, preventing reassociation and degradation
single-stranded DNA binding proteins
alleviates torsional stress and introduces negative supercoils
DNA topoisomerases
reads DNA template in 3’-5’ direction and synthesize in 5’-3’ direction
DNA polymerase
synthesizes a short primer
Primase
seals the ends of DNA molecules together
DNA ligase
adds DNA nucleotides where RNA primer had been
DNA polymerase I
synthesize daughter strands DNA in 5’-3’ direction
DNA polymerase III
allows a DNA fragment from any source to be multiplied by either gene cloning or polymerase chain reaction PCR
recombinant DNA technology
enzymes that recognize specific dsDNA sequences
restriction endonucleases
automated process that can produce millions of copies of a DNA sequence without amplifying the DNA in bacteria
Polymerase Chain Reaction
