DNA & Biotechnology

Question 1

composed of a five-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base and are formed by covalently linking the base to C-1 of the sugar

Answer 1

Nucleoside

Question 2

formed when one or more phosphate groups are attached to C-5 of a nucleoside

Answer 2

Nucleotide

Question 3

has an H at C-2

Answer 3

deoxyribose

Question 4

formed as nucleotides are joined by 3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds

Answer 4

sugar phosphate backbone

Question 5

contain two rings in their structure. Adenine and guanine

Answer 5

Purines

Question 6

contain only one ring. Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil

Answer 6

Pyrimidines

Question 7

%A=%T

%G=%C

Answer 7

Chargaff’s Rule

Question 8

composed of DNA wrapped around histone proteins

Answer 8

Nucleosomes

Question 9

set of specialized proteins that assist the DNA polymerase

Answer 9

replisome or Replication complex

Question 10

enzyme responsible for unwinding DNA

Answer 10

Helicase

Question 11

bind to the unraveled strand, preventing reassociation and degradation

Answer 11

single-stranded DNA binding proteins

Question 12

alleviates torsional stress and introduces negative supercoils

Answer 12

DNA topoisomerases

Question 13

reads DNA template in 3’-5’ direction and synthesize in 5’-3’ direction

Answer 13

DNA polymerase

Question 14

synthesizes a short primer

Answer 14

Primase

Question 15

seals the ends of DNA molecules together

Answer 15

DNA ligase

Question 16

adds DNA nucleotides where RNA primer had been

Answer 16

DNA polymerase I

Question 17

synthesize daughter strands DNA in 5’-3’ direction

Answer 17

DNA polymerase III

Question 18

allows a DNA fragment from any source to be multiplied by either gene cloning or polymerase chain reaction PCR

Answer 18

recombinant DNA technology

Question 19

enzymes that recognize specific dsDNA sequences

Answer 19

restriction endonucleases

Question 20

automated process that can produce millions of copies of a DNA sequence without amplifying the DNA in bacteria

Answer 20

Polymerase Chain Reaction