RNA synthesis Flashcards
What is transcription?
Synthesis of mRNA transcript from DNA
What is translation?
Protein production from mRNA transcript
What is telomere?
End of chromosome where double stranded ends of DNA are
6 base pair repeat
Protects the ends of chromosome
What is centromere?
Also known as primary constriction
Point on a chromosome where mitotic spindle fibres attach to pull sister chromatids apart during cell division
What is gene?
Unit of heredity
Contains instruction for organism phenotype
DNA segment containing instructions for making particular product including regulatory elements
How do genes differ?
Differ in
Size
Number of exons + introns
They cluster into families=> have regulations together
What is transcription factor?
Proteins required to initiate or regulate transcription in eukaryotes
What’s purpose of 5’ UTR?
Regulation of translation
What’s purpose of 3’ UTR?
mRNA stability + mRNA binding
What are 3 ways primary transcript is processed?
Capping
Polyadenylation
Splicing
What is primary transcript?
1st transcript made by DNA
Why use capping + polyadenylation?
Stability
Transport to cytoplasm
Integrity prior to translation
What is spliceosome?
Composed of protein + RNA molecules
It recognise sequences within region/ area
What is alternative splicing?
Selective exclusion or inclusions of exons
From one pre-mRNA , it can make many different mRNA this different isoforms of proteins
