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Living Cell > Intro To Evoluton > Flashcards

Intro To Evoluton Flashcards

1
Q

What is definition of evolution?

A

Accumulated, heritable changes (DNA,RNA) changes within population over generations giving a rise to new species

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2
Q

Mutation rates act as …..

A

Molecular clock

Mistakes/mutations accumulate over time

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3
Q

What is sickle cell anaemia?

A

Is mutation in beta globin gene
Is autosomal recessive
Causes early death
Common in tropical region as it correlates with region of endemic malaria
Carriers of disease have improved malaria survival rate

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4
Q

How do changes in genotype arise?

A 
Mutation/recombination of genetic material 
Natural selection 
Genetic drift 
Gene flow 
Applied selection
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5
Q

Living organisms can be classified, based on molecular or morphological criteria

A

Taxonomy
Classification
Phylogeny

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6
Q

What is definition of taxonomy?

A

Naming groups of organisms (taxa)

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7
Q

What is definition of classification?

A

Arranging taxa into ordered, hierarchical system

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8
Q

What is definition of phylogeny?

A

Determination of ancestral relationships of organisms + their evolutionary history

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9
Q

How are phylogenetic relationship represented?

And what is this diagram based on?

A

Using phylogenetic trees

Based on morphological criteria

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10
Q

What are 3 steps of fossil formation?

A

Sediment accumulate as fish dies
Sink to bottom of ocean
Pressure builds up + it turns into sedimentary rock

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11
Q

We can date rocks + fossils using …..

A

Radioisotopes

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12
Q

What is radiometric dating?

A

Measuring ratio of parent/daughter nuclides

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13
Q

What are requirements for radiometric dating?

A

Rate of radioactive decay is constant
Parent + daughter nuclides cannot leave or enter material after it is formed
No intrusion of other, later rock
No contamination

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14
Q

What is meaning of homologous?

A

Similarity by descent

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15
Q

What is meaning of analogous?

A

Similarity by function

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16
Q

What is meaning of homology?

A

2 structures from common ancestral version

17
Q

What is meaning of analogy?

A

No common ancestor=> similar structures produced by selection to meet similar function (convergent evolution)

18
Q

What does molecular analogy mean?

A

Known as molecular convergence

Same function of proteins with no structural identity

19
Q

What does molecular homology mean?

A

Determined from amino acid or nucleic acid sequence

20
Q

What does paralogs mean?

A

2 genes from SAME organism by duplication

21
Q

What does ortholog mean?

A

2 genes from DIFFERENT organisms (common ancestor)

22
Q

What are HOX genes important for?

A

These genes are developmentally important transcription factors
Bind DNA in sequence specific fashion + regulate expression of adjacent/nearby genes

Living Cell (36 decks)

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