Biological Molecules Flashcards
What is general formula for carbohydrates?
(CH2O)n
What is function of carbohydrates?
Energy storage, fuel, metabolite + structural element
What is formula for monosaccharides?
(CH2O)n
What are 2 kinds of monosaccharides?
Ketone based=> ketose
Aldehyde based => aldose
Describe the structure of glucose?
Aldose
6 C atoms= hexose
D configuration= asymmetric C atom most distant from aldehyde/ketone group
Can exist in long chain + ring structure
What is monosaccharides is sucrose made from?
a-D glucose + B-D fructose
What monosaccharides is lactose made from?
B-D galactose + a-D glucose
Give examples of polysaccharides and state what bonds they consist of?
Cellulose=> B 1-4 glycosidic bond
Starch + glycogen=> a 1-4 glycosidic bond
Describe the structure of glycogen?
Aldose
6 C atoms = hexose
Give an example of an oligosaccharide?
Blood groups
Describe the primary structure of protein?
Covalent bonds forming a polymer
Order of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds
Describe the secondary structure of protein? Give an example
Regular folded forms often stabilised by H bonds
E.g. helices + sheets
Describe the tertiary structure of proteins?
3D structure stabilised by H bonds, hydrophobic interactions, VDW forces and disulphides bridges
Describe the quaternary structure of protein?
Organisation of macromolecules into assemblies often stabilised by ionic bonds e.g. several polypeptides make up protein
What is a saturated fatty acid?
Give an example
No double bonds
E.g. comes from animal products
