RNA Processing. Flashcards
Define cryptic splice sites?
These are nucleotide sequences that closely resemble splice sites.
What direction will a polymerase be moving if it is moving downstream?
Moving in the 5 to 3 direction.
What direction will a polymerase be moving if it is moving upstream?
Moving in the 3 to 5 direction.
Define exons?
Section of newly synthesised mRNA that will code for proteins.
Define a hexamer?
A polymer that is formed of 6 molecules.
Define introns?
Non-coding pieces of newly synthesised mRNA that are usually removed.
What are introns also known as?
As intragenic sequences.
What does a kinase enzyme do?
It adds phosphate groups.
Define a nascent RNA transcript?
The new RNA strand when synthesis has just begun and it is around 6 nucleotides long.
Define an operon?
A unit of linked genes that can be turned on or off and code for and control certain proteins.
Are operons found in eukaryotic or prokaryotic genomes??
In prokaryotic genomes.
What does a phosphatase enzyme do?
It removes phosphate groups.
What is a pyrophosphate molecule?
A molecule consisting of 2 phosphate groups.
Define RNA processing?
The molecular events that allow primary RNA transcripts to become mature RNA.
What end of RNA will an RNA polymerase add nucleotides to?
The 3 prime end.
The RNA that is produced by an RNA polymerase will be an exact copy of which DNA strand?
Of the non-template strand.
The RNA that is produced by an RNA polymerase will be complimentary to which DNA strand?
The template strand.
What is the eukaryotic process of checking the newly synthesised RNA for mistakes?
RNA processing.
What location in the cell will RNA processing take place in?
Inside the nucleus.
When will an RNA strand become known as pre-mRNA?
After processing.
When will pre-RNA become mRNA?
After 5 prime end is capped.
After a number of A’s are added to 3 prime.
After the introns have been removed and the exons have been spliced together.
What is the process of adding A’s to the 3 prime end known as?
Polyadenalation.
Does pre-mRNA also contain introns and exons?
Yes.
Are introns or exons removed from pre-RNA?
Introns.