DNA Transcription. Flashcards
Define the antisense strand?
The template for RNA synthesis.
The RNA that is synthesised will be complimentary to which strand?
To the sense strand.
Define a holoenzyme?
An enzyme that is bound to its cofactor.
Define a primary RNA transcript?
A piece of RNA that has been produced by transcription and has not been processed.
Where does translation occur?
At the ribosomes.
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus.
Define the sense strand?
The strand of DNA that will be identical the transcribed piece of RNA.
Will the sense strand or antisense strand of DNA be copied?
The antisense strand is copied and the sense strand is complimentary.
Define transcription?
The process of making mRNA from DNA.
Define translation?
The process of making proteins from mRNA.
What is the 1st stage of gene expression?
Transcription.
What instructions does mRNA contain?
The exact instructions of how to make a protein.
What is the template for mRNA?
DNA.
What enzyme synthesises RNA from DNA?
RNA polymerase.
How many strands of DNA will RNA polymerase use as a template?
Only 1.
In what cells can transcription and translation occur at the same time?
In prokaryotic cells.
Why can transcription and translation occur at the same time in prokaryotes?
Because both processes occur in the cytoplasm.
Does transcription and translation occur at the same time in eukaryotes?
No.
Why can’t transcription and translation occur at the same time in eukaryotes?
As transcription occurs in the nucleus.
Translation occurs in the ribosomes.
What must happen to mRNA in eukaryotes before proteins can be synthesised?
The mRNA must be finished before translation can occur.
What is a fresh piece of mRNA called in eukaryotes?
A primary transcript.
When does a primary transcript become mRNA?
After it has been processed and modified to check for any mistakes
What and where is the promoter region of a prokaryotic gene located?
It is a region of DNA located upstream of the RNA coding sequence.
What is the job of the promoter region of a prokaryotic gene?
To make sure that transcription starts at the right location.