Proteomics. Flashcards
Define Edman sequencing?
A method to determine the individual amino acids that make up a protein.
Define the isoelectric point?
The pH at which a molecule has a net charge of 0.
Define a phage coat protein?
A gene in the DNA of a bacteriophage that will code for a protein in the phage coat.
Define a phage display library?
A library made up of bacteriophages that contain foreign proteins that have been inserted into their protein coat.
Proteomics is the study of what?
It is the study of all of the proteins that are within a certain cell or body at a given time.
Is proteomics context dependent?
Yes.
As the number of proteins within a cell or body will change over time.
What is the goal of proteomics?
To get an integrated view of biology by studying all of the proteins within a cell rather than studying each protein individually.
What map does the study of proteomics allow us to create?
A 3D map that tells us the locations of all the proteins within the cell.
Proteomics will utilise information from which 3 disciplines?
Molecular biology.
Biochemistry.
Bioinformatics.
Will genomics tell us all of the products that can be produced by a particular gene?
No.
Why can genomics not tell us all of the products of a particular gene?
Because one gene may have multiple products.
Because some proteins may be modified after they have been produced.
Some proteins may be compartmentalised.
Some proteins will also undergo a process called proteolysis
What happens when a protein is compartmentalised?
When they are synthesised in one part of the cell and then transported to another location.
What is proteolysis?
When the original protein is cleaved to produce a functioning protein.
E.g. trypsinogen is cleaved to form trypsin.
The study of proteomics gives us what knowledge about specific genes.
Their functions.
What types of proteins does proteomics allow us to study?
The types of proteins are constructed by a particular cell type such as a bacterial cell or a cancer cell.
The type of proteins that are expressed by cells under certain conditions.
What systems allow us to view the proteins expressed by a cell?
Protein expression systems.
What must scientists do after they have extracted proteins from a cell?
They must then be separated into individual proteins.
When can proteins be individually analysed and characterised?
After the proteins have been separated from the protein mass.
What feature of proteomics will tell us the function of the protein.
The analysis and characterisation of proteins.
What process did scientists originally use to evaluate proteins?
Western blot.
Protein stains and assays.
Who developed 2D-gel electrophoresis in 1975.
Patrick O’Farrell and Leigh Anderson.
What does 2D-gel electrophoresis allow scioentists to do?
To analyse all of the proteins in a given cell at a given time.
Does 2D-gel electrophoresis allow for the identification of individual proteins?
No.
What can 2D-gel electrophoresis tell us about proteins?
The abundance of proteins.