Genomics. Flashcards
Define an allele?
A different version of a gene.
E.g. the gene that codes for hair colour is made up of different alleles that code for different hair colours.
Define the banding pattern on a chromosome?
How the individual genes are arranged on a chromosome.
Define cytogenetics?
The study of different karyotypes from different organisms.
Define DNA sequencing?
The process of determining the exact order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule.
Define the exome?
The part of the genome that is composed of exons.
Define a gene?
A discrete hereditary unit that codes for a trait or a specific protein.
Define the genome?
All the genes that an organism possesses.
Define genomics?
The study of all of the genes within an organism.
Define a genotype?
The genotype consists of the specific genes that an organism possesses e.g. genes for and eye colour.
Define a haplotype?
A combination of alleles that are located next to each other on a chromosome.
Are haplotypes usually inherited together?
Yes.
Define a karyotype?
The arrangement of all of an organisms chromosomes into an order of size.
Define a microdeletion?
A deletion of between a few hundred and a few million base pairs on a chromosome.
These deletions are too small to be picked up via light microscopy.
Define Northern blot?
A molecular technique that evaluates different RNA’s.
What does the suffix omics represent?
It is used to indicate a genome wide approach or study.
E.g. genomics is the study of all the genes in the genome.
Define a phenotype?
The physical expression of an organisms genotype e.g. genes that code for blue eyes or blond hair.
Define a single nucleotide polymorphism?
Polymorphisms where the variance between alleles is caused by the difference of a single nucleotide within a genetic sequence.
Define Southern blot?
A molecular technique that evaluates different forms of DNA.
Define Western blot?
A molecular technique that evaluates different proteins.
What does the study of genomics look at?
All of the genes that are found within a particular organism.
Does the number of genes within an organism vary over time?
No.
What can lead to an increase or decrease of genes in an organism?
Mutations such as insertions and deletions.
Is genomics context dependent?
No, as the amount of genes in an organism does not change over time.
Is transcriptomics context dependent?
Yes, as the amount of mRNA in a cell will change over time.