RNA and Protein Synthesis ch.14

Question 1

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RNA

Answer 1

single-stranded nucleic acid that contains sugar ribose

Question 2

messenger RNA

Answer 2

type of RNA that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell

Question 3

ribosomal RNA

Answer 3

type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes

Question 4

transfer RNA

Answer 4

type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis

Question 5

transcription

Answer 5

synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template

Question 6

RNA polymerase

Answer 6

enzyme that links together the growing chain of nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template

Question 7

promoter

Answer 7

specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription

Question 8

intron

Answer 8

sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein

Question 9

exon

Answer 9

expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein

Question 10

The process of using DNA to produce complementary RNA molecules is called
___________________________.

Answer 10

transcription

Question 11

The sequence of ________________________ in mRNA complements the sequence in the
DNA template.

Answer 11

bases

Question 12

In eukaryotes, RNA is formed in the _____________________ and then travels to the
______________________.

Answer 12

nucleus, cytoplasm

Question 13

The enzyme _________ binds to DNA during transcription.

Answer 13

RNA polymerase

Question 14

RNA polymerase binds to regions of DNA called _______________________, which are
“start” signals for transcription.

Answer 14

promoters

Question 15

_____________________ are portions of RNA that are cut out and discarded.

Answer 15

introns

Question 16

_____________________ are spliced together to make the final mRNA.

Answer 16

exons

Question 17

In RNA ____________________ replaces thymine.

Answer 17

uracil

Question 18

The change of one base to another in a DNA sequence

Answer 18

substitution

Question 19

A change in one or a few nucleotides that occur at a single point in the DNA sequence

Answer 19

point mutation

Question 20

Part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another

Answer 20

translocation

Question 21

A heritable change in genetic information

Answer 21

mutation

Question 22

A mutation that produces an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome

Answer 22

duplication

Question 23

A chromosomal mutation that reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome

Answer 23

inversion

Question 24

A kind of mutation that can change every amino acid that follows the point of mutation

Answer 24

frameshift mutation

Question 25

The addition of a base to the DNA sequence

Answer 25

insertion

Question 26

polypeptide

Answer 26

long chain of amino acids that make proteins

Question 27

genetic code

Answer 27

collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis

Question 28

codon

Answer 28

group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated onto a protein

Question 29

translocation

Answer 29

process by which the sequence of bases of mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein

Question 30

anticodon

Answer 30

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to the three bases of a codon of mRNA

Question 31

mutation

Answer 31

change in the genetic material of a cell

Question 32

point mutation

Answer 32

gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA have been changed

Question 33

frameshift mutation

Answer 33

mutation that shifts the “reading frame” of the genetic message my inserting or deleting a nucleotide

Question 34

mutagen

Answer 34

chemical or physical agents in the environment that interact with DNA and may cause a mutation

Question 35

What is found in both DNA and RNA

Answer 35

four nitrogenous bases each

Question 36

Which type of RNA brings information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell?

Answer 36

mRNA

Question 37

Which molecules are involved in protein synthesis?

Answer 37

messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Question 38

From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?

Answer 38

DNA template

Question 39

What is produced during transcription?

Answer 39

a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

Question 40

How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids?

Answer 40

nine nucleotide bases

Question 41

What happens during translation?

Answer 41

proteins are made using the information stored in the mRNA sequence

Question 42

A protein is being assembled when

Answer 42

RNA is being translated

Question 43

Genes contain open instructions for assembling

Answer 43

tell your cells to make molecules called proteins.

Question 44

Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms

Answer 44

tell your cells to make molecules called proteins.

Question 45

DNA and RNA are

Answer 45

nucleic acids

Question 46

The ribosomes of the cell are sites for the synthesis of

Answer 46

protein synthesis

Question 47

Which chemicals are basic building blocks of proteins

Answer 47

amino acids

Question 48

The enzyme that initiates the first stage of transcription is

Answer 48

RNA polymerase

Question 49

A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called

Answer 49

point mutations

Question 50

In a cell, the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA occurs in the

Answer 50

nucleus

Question 51

The DNA code for an amino acid consists of a sequence of

Answer 51

three nucleotides