Cellular Life Ch. 8

Question 1

What organelle breaks down and recycles macromolecules?

Answer 1

Lysome

Question 2

What organelle would you expect to see more of in a cell that has very high energy requirements?

Answer 2

Mitochondria

Question 3

What is the role of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 3

modifies and packages proteins

Question 4

What organelle is only found in plant cells?

Answer 4

Chloroplast

Question 5

What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion in cells?

Answer 5

Osmosis goes through aquaphorins and diffusion goes through the cell membrane.

Question 6

After watering a plant with salt water it began to wilt. Why did this happen?

Answer 6

The plant wilted because the water gets drawn out of the plant, dehydrating it, causing it to wilt

Question 7

cell

Answer 7

basic unit of all forms of life

Question 8

cell theory

Answer 8

new cells are produced from existing cells.

Question 9

cell membrane

Answer 9

thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells.

Question 10

nucleus

Answer 10

in cells, structure that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA.

Question 11

eukaryote

Answer 11

organism whose cells contains a nucleus.

Question 12

prokaryote

Answer 12

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

Question 13

cytoplasm

Answer 13

fluid portion of the cell outside of the nucleus.

Question 14

organelle

Answer 14

specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.

Question 15

ribosome

Answer 15

cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in the cell.

Question 16

endoplasmic reticulm

Answer 16

internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells; place where lipid components of cell membrane are assembled.

Question 17

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 17

organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.

Question 18

Vacuole

Answer 18

cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Question 19

lysome

Answer 19

cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.

Question 20

cytoskeleton

Answer 20

network of protein figaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organizatinal and is involved in movement

Question 21

chloroplast

Answer 21

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight converts it into chemical energy

Question 22

mitochondria

Answer 22

cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Question 23

The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of?

Answer 23

proteins

Question 24

Diffusion occurs because

Answer 24

molecules constantly move and collide with each other in order to reach a state of homeostasis

Question 25

During diffusion, when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same, the molecules will

Answer 25

continue to move across the membrane in both directions at a constant rate

Question 26

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

Answer 26

osmosis

Question 27

An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the

Answer 27

osmotic pressure

Question 28

Which type of particle transport requires the input of energy

Answer 28

active transport

Question 29

Cell membranes are made up of a combination of

Answer 29

lipids and proteins

Question 30

The passage of materials into and out if the cell is regulated by

Answer 30

cell membrane

Question 31

Molecules diffuse

Answer 31

across the plasma membrane

Question 32

If an animal cell is placed in pure water, osmosis will cause it to

Answer 32

fill with water and burst

Question 33

The diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules directly through phospholipids is an example of

Answer 33

passive transport

Question 34

Very large molecules, such as proteins, enter the cell by

Answer 34

active transport

Question 35

The molecules of a cell membrane are

Answer 35

phospholipids

Question 36

Plant cells and some bacterial cells are prevented from swelling too much by their

Answer 36

cell wall

Question 37

A single-celled freshwater organism, such as a paramecium, is moved to a salt water tank. What will happen to the cell?

Answer 37

the cell will shrink

Question 38

A red blood cell will swell and burst when placed in which of the following kinds of solutions?

Answer 38

hypotonic solution

Question 39

When a protein is required for movement of a solute across a membrane without the use of energy it is known as ______

Answer 39

passive transport

Question 40

The carrier molecules used in active transport and facilitated diffusion are made up of

Answer 40

proteins

Question 41

The process of taking in large, solid, food like material through the process of engulfing is called ______

Answer 41

endocytosis

Question 42

Large molecules such as glucose, that cannot cross the lipid bilayer can still move across the membrane through nonspecific macromolecules that act like a tunnel called _______

Answer 42

facilitated diffusion