Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Final > Cell growth and Divison ch 11/ch 12.4 > Flashcards

Cell growth and Divison ch 11/ch 12.4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell division

A

when a cell divides into two new daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

asexual reproduction

A

process of reproduction involving one parent resulting in a genetically identical offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sexual reproduction

A

process of reproduction involving two parents resulting in the first cell of a new organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

out of three cubes varying in sizes which one would have the greatest ratio of cell membrane surface area relative to the volume of its cytoplasm?

A

the smallest cube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cell’s carry genetic info in packages of DNA called ..

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most _____ only have one circular strand of DNA

A

prokaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In eukaryotic cells, the genetic structure consists of DNA and a tightly wound protein, which together form a substance called _______

A

chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the beadlike structures formed by DNA wrapped around ________ proteins are called nucleosomes

A

histone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_________ make possible the precise separation of DNA during cell division

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the name of the type of cell division that occurs in the prokaryotic cell cycle?

A

binary fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens during interphase?

A

a period in the cell cycle when the cell grows.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In eukaryotic cells what happens in G1 phase that differs from G2 phase?

A

In G1 the cell is growing whereas in G2 the cell begins to move into place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chromosome

A

threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed down from one gen to the next.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

chromatin

A

substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cell cycle

A

series of events where a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mitosis

A

part of eukaryotic cell division where the nucleus divides as well.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cytokinesis

A

division of cytoplasm to create two new daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

prophase

A

the first and longest phase in mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the nucleus becomes visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

chromatid

A

one of two “sister” duplicated chromosome parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

centromere

A

region of a chromosome where the two chromatids attach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

centriole

A

structure in animal cell that helps divide and organize cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

metaphase

A

phase of mitosis where all chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

anaphase

A

phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

telophase

A

phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

during what phase do the sister chromatids separate

A

anaphase

26
Q

if you were looking at a cell with the chromosomes all lined in the middle what phase must it be in?

A

metaphase

27
Q

What phase of mitosis when complete will result in two identical chromosomes

A

telophase

28
Q

A cell with two pairs of each set of chromosomes is a ________ cell

A

diploid

29
Q

A cell with only one set of chromosomes is a _________ cell

A

somatic

30
Q

sperm and egg cells are called ______ cells

A

gametes

31
Q

A type of cell division that results in diploid cells

A

mitosis

32
Q

A type of cell division that results in haploid cells

A

meiosis

33
Q

The process when a sperm and egg cell combine is _____

A

fertilization

34
Q

matching chromosomes are ______ pairs

A

homogulous

35
Q

During ______ of meiosis, these pairs form a tetrad.

A

prophase

36
Q

When homogulous chromosomes exchange genes it is called ________

A

crossing over

37
Q

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis I?

A

2

38
Q

How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis II?

A

4

39
Q

how many cells does mitosis create?

A

two identical cells

40
Q

how many cells does meiosis create?

A

egg and sperm cells

41
Q

how many divisions does mitosis have?

A

one single cell division

42
Q

how many divisions does meiosis have?

A

two cell divisions

43
Q

Is mitosis haploid or diploid?

A

diploid

44
Q

Is meiosis haploid or diploid?

A

haploid

45
Q

What is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

crossing over occurs only in meiosis

46
Q

How many cells does mitosis create?

A

two

47
Q

How many cells does meiosis create?

A

four

48
Q

Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble

A

moving needed materials in and waste products out

49
Q

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called

A

mitosis

50
Q

During which phase in the cell cycle does mitosis happen

A

M phase

51
Q

Which pair includes a phase of the cell cycle and a cellular process that occurs during that phase

A

G1 phase

52
Q

When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated?

A

S phase

53
Q

The first phase of mitosis is called

A

Prophase

54
Q

List the phases of mitosis in order

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis

55
Q

During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell that has four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells each containing

A

four chromosomes

56
Q

If an organisms diploid number is 12, its haploid number is

A

6 chromosomes

57
Q

Gametes are produced by the process of

A

meiosis

58
Q

What is formed at the end of meiosis

A

four haploid daughter cells

59
Q

Structures that hold sister chromatids together in double-stranded chromosomes are known as

A

the centromere

60
Q

The process of crossing over ensures that

A

variation in any offspring

61
Q

Name the phases of meiosis in order

A

prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II, and cytokinesis II

Biology Final (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions