RNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Amino acids

A

Molecules that are the monomers of proteins

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2
Q

Similarities between RNA and DNA

A
  • chain of nucleotides
  • contain a sugar, phosphate and nitrogen group
  • share nucleotides A, C and G
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3
Q

Some differences between RNA and DNA

A
  • Sugar (RNA ribose)
  • Strands (RNA single)
  • Base (RNA has Uracil)
  • Length (RNA shorter)
  • Location (RNA in nucleus and cytoplasm)
  • Stability (RNA less stable)
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4
Q

Types of RNA

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Ribosome RNA (rRNA)

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5
Q

Proteins

A
  • Made up of amino acids in chains called polypeptides
  • proteins contain >50 amino acids
  • Sequence of amino acids determines protein
  • proteins often linked polypeptide chains
  • chains fold over themselves to create a specific physical structure
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6
Q

Two main processes of protein synthesis

A
  • Transcription
  • Translation
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7
Q

Transcription

A
  • DNA unzips and hydrogen bonds break
  • Gene acts as template as mRNA formed from free nucleotides
  • mRNA leaves nucleus through nucleopores to ribosomes
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8
Q

Translation

A
  • mRNA attaches to ribosomes
  • Different tRNA attach to specific free amino acids
  • tRNA transports amino acids to ribosome
  • Anticodons match up to codons in sequence of mRNA code
  • Amino acids attach to each other in sequence by peptide bonds
  • tRNA released to pick up more amino acids
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9
Q

Control molecules of protein synthesis

A

Enzymes

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10
Q

Process whereby amino acid chain lengthens during translation

A

Elongation

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11
Q

Codons

A
  • Genetic code in genes and on mRNA
  • Each 3 letters code for a specific amino acid
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12
Q

Anti-codons

A

A specific tRNA nucleotide sequences which compliments a specific codon on mRNA.

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13
Q

Function of RNA

A
  • Carries genetic code of one gene
  • allows for gene expression
  • controls process of protein synthesis
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