RNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
1
Q
Amino acids
A
Molecules that are the monomers of proteins
2
Q
Similarities between RNA and DNA
A
- chain of nucleotides
- contain a sugar, phosphate and nitrogen group
- share nucleotides A, C and G
3
Q
Some differences between RNA and DNA
A
- Sugar (RNA ribose)
- Strands (RNA single)
- Base (RNA has Uracil)
- Length (RNA shorter)
- Location (RNA in nucleus and cytoplasm)
- Stability (RNA less stable)
4
Q
Types of RNA
A
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosome RNA (rRNA)
5
Q
Proteins
A
- Made up of amino acids in chains called polypeptides
- proteins contain >50 amino acids
- Sequence of amino acids determines protein
- proteins often linked polypeptide chains
- chains fold over themselves to create a specific physical structure
6
Q
Two main processes of protein synthesis
A
- Transcription
- Translation
7
Q
Transcription
A
- DNA unzips and hydrogen bonds break
- Gene acts as template as mRNA formed from free nucleotides
- mRNA leaves nucleus through nucleopores to ribosomes
8
Q
Translation
A
- mRNA attaches to ribosomes
- Different tRNA attach to specific free amino acids
- tRNA transports amino acids to ribosome
- Anticodons match up to codons in sequence of mRNA code
- Amino acids attach to each other in sequence by peptide bonds
- tRNA released to pick up more amino acids
9
Q
Control molecules of protein synthesis
A
Enzymes
10
Q
Process whereby amino acid chain lengthens during translation
A
Elongation
11
Q
Codons
A
- Genetic code in genes and on mRNA
- Each 3 letters code for a specific amino acid
12
Q
Anti-codons
A
A specific tRNA nucleotide sequences which compliments a specific codon on mRNA.
13
Q
Function of RNA
A
- Carries genetic code of one gene
- allows for gene expression
- controls process of protein synthesis
