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Life Sciences 101 > Core Terminology 3: Genetics > Flashcards

Core Terminology 3: Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

Genetics

A

study of inheritance/ hereditary

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2
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

Father of genetics

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3
Q

Gene

A

part of a chromosome that controls each characteristic

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4
Q

Allele

A

different/ alternative form of the same gene

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5
Q

Locus

A

position of a gene on a chromosome

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6
Q

Homozygous (pure breeding)

A

two alleles of a gene are the same eg. TT or tt

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7
Q

Heterozygous (hybrid)

A

when alleles are different from each other eg. Tt

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8
Q

Monohybrid cross

A

a genetic cross involving 1 characteristic only

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9
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

a genetic cross involving more than one characteristic

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10
Q

Phenotype

A

outer/physical appearance of an organism

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11
Q

Genotype

A

genetic composition of an organism

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12
Q

Dominant

A

when one characteristic suppresses the other (dominant characteristic always written in capital letters). The characteristic that appears in the phenotype

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13
Q

Recessive

A

the characteristic that is suppressed (small letter)

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14
Q

Gonosomes

A

sex chromosomes ( X & Y)

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15
Q

Autosomes

A

normal body chromosomes (22 pairs)

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16
Q

Genetic manipulation

A

transfer of a specific gene from one organism to another to obtain a desired characteristic

17
Q

Cloning

A

the process whereby genetically identical organisms are made from a single parent

18
Q

Stem cells

A

undifferentiated cells that can be used to produce identical organisms/organs

19
Q

Variation

A

differences between individuals within a population.

20
Q

Haemophilia

A

genetic disorder caused by sex linked genes /(blood disorder) causing blood not too clot

21
Q

Complete dominance

A

one allele dominates the other. Phenotype has dominant characteristic

22
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

no dominant allele; when in combination a new characteristic is produced

23
Q

Co-dominance

A

both alleles equally dominant; forms a phenotype that a combination of both characteristics

Life Sciences 101 (33 decks)

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