Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MB 414 > RNA and Protein > Flashcards

RNA and Protein Flashcards

1
Q

Kinds of RNA

A
  • messenger RNA
  • transfer RNA
  • ribosomal RNA
  • catalytic RNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mRNA

A
  • template for protein synthesis
  • contains the message (coding region) that is translated by the ribosome into protein, as well as some untranslated RNA involved in ribosome recognition and termination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

tRNA

A
  • decodes the message and loads the amino acid
  • contains antidon complementary to codon
  • charged with AA corresponding to anticodon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

rRNA

A
  • together with the ribosomal proteins make up the ribosome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

catalytic RNA

A
  • RNA enzymes involved in diverse processes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

RNA base pairs

A
  • takes on the form of stem loops
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

greatest to least prevalence of RNA in cell

A

rRNA>tRNA>mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

RNA synthesis - transcription

A
  • transcribed from DNA via a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
  • synthesizes RNA 5’ -> 3’
  • RNA is transcribed from DNA
  • RNA pol does not require a primer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RNA pol binds to which strand

A
  • template strand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

RNA produced has the same sequence as the

A
  • coding strand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 steps of transcription

A
  • initiation - RNA pol binds to promotor
  • elongation - RNA is polymerized
  • termination - RNA polymerase detaches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

RNA polymerase subunits

A
  • alpha - chain initiation and interaction with regulatory protein
  • beta - DNA binding and RNA elongation
  • beta prime - DNA binding subunit
  • sigma - promotor recognition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why multiple sigma factors

A
  • each is used for different growth conditions and recognizes slightly different promotors.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

holoenzyme

A

all 4 subunits together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

core enzyme

A

consists of only a, b, and b’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

promotor structure

A
  • transcription initiated here. promotor not transcribed
  • binding site for polymerase
  • conserved sequences at -10 and -35
  • transcription start site is +1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pre-initiation

A

binding of sigma factor to RNA polymerase core converting polymerase to holoenzyme

18
Q

Pol binding

A
  • binding of holoenzyme (open hand) to promotor DNA sequence

- wrapped of DNA around holoenzyme (touches about 75-80 bp)

19
Q

formation of open complex

A
  • closing of open hand structure
  • melting of about 10-15 bases
  • incorporation of monomers into polymer until a length of about 10
20
Q

elongation

A
  • holoenzyme loses sigma factor and loses contact with -10 and -35 regions of promotor
  • the core contacts 30-40 DNA bases and can incorporate 30-60 RNA monomers/sec
21
Q

termination

A
  • elongation stops
  • transcript RNA is released
  • dissociation from DNA
22
Q

two main classes of termination

A
  • rho dependent
  • rho independent
  • both rely on formation of stem loop (inverted repeats)
23
Q

rho independent termination

A
  • RNA stem loop causes the polymerase to stall

- poly-U stretch behind the stem doesn’t have enough energy to hold RNA-DNA hybrid together and complex falls apart

24
Q

rho dependent termination

A
  • Rho assembles as a hexamer on G-C rich RUTS on RNA. Stem loop forms
  • translocates up RNA, catches up to RNAP, and dissociates RNA-DNA hybrid through helices activity.
25
Q

RNA stability

A
  • rRNA and tRNA stable due to large amounts of secondary structure
  • mRNA is not stable
26
Q

post-translational processing of protein

A
  • cleavage
  • insertion of non-protein ligands
  • chaperon-mediated folding
  • association with other proteins
27
Q

protein primary structure

A
  • sequence of amino acids
28
Q

protein secondary structure

A
  • alpha helix
  • beta sheet
  • fold due to R groups on primary sequence
29
Q

protein tertiary structure

A
  • how helices and sheets interact + co-factors
30
Q

protein quartenary structure

A
  • interaction of two or more polypeptides
31
Q

protein folding

A
  • all information required for proper folding of a protein resides in its primary sequence
  • each protein has a thermodynamically defined stable structure
32
Q

mis-foldings

A
  • proteins often will not find the true thermodynamically favored structure without falling into “local” energy minima
33
Q

chaperones

A
  • help proteins fold
34
Q

ways chaperones help fold

A
  • proline peptidyl isomerase
  • binding/release of hydrophobic regions of protein
  • providing a safe surface/chamber for folding
  • providing energy to escape a local minimum
35
Q

GroEL

A
  • provides a safe surface for protein to fold if it falls into a local min
36
Q

GroES

A
  • provides the energy
37
Q

why proline needs it’s on chaperone protein

A
  • free rotation around all peptide bonds except protein

- PPI breaks bonds to allow for isomerization then reforms

38
Q

integral membrane protein

A
  • spans membrane many times

- inserted into membrane while being translated

39
Q

secreted proteins

A

proteins targeted for secretion have a hydrophobic signal sequence which directs them to the sec secretion apparatus

40
Q

sec system

A
  • most proteins use
  • proteins are secreted off the ribosome in a linear fashion before any folding as taken place.
  • fold in the periplasm
  • have signal sequence that contains charged residues following by a series of hydrophobic residues.
41
Q

tat system

A
  • can’t fold in periplasm
  • fold on inside then go outside
  • signal sequence that is recognized by two consecutive arginine residues located near N-terminus of protein
42
Q

open reading frame

A
  • the coding region of DNA and RNA

MB 414 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions