Bacterial Growth and Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
anabolism
A
- construct molecules from smaller units
- primarily reductive
2
Q
catabolism
A
- breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy, or used in other anabolic reactions
- primarily oxidative
3
Q
Biomass
A
- What bacterium is made of
4
Q
What bacterium is made of
A
- 55% protein
- 24% DNA/RNA
- 9% Lipid
- 6% Carb
- 3% other organics
- 1% inorganics
5
Q
Macroelements
A
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Nitrogen
- Oxygen
- Phosphorus
- Sulfur
- Iron
6
Q
Autotrophs
A
- get energy from the sun
- reduced inorganic chemicals
7
Q
Heterotrophs
A
- steal energy in the form of reduced carbon
8
Q
Chemotrophs
A
- chemicals as energy sources
9
Q
Chemoautotrophs
A
- derive energy from chemical reactions
- synthesize all necessary compounds from CO2
- use inorganic energy sources
10
Q
Chemoheterotrophs
A
- unable to fix carbon to form their own carbon compounds
- must ingest preformed organic molecules
- still obtain energy from oxidation of inorganic molecules
11
Q
Phototrophs
A
- light as an energy source
12
Q
photoheterotrophs
A
- organic electron donors
13
Q
photoautotrophs
A
- inorganic electron donors
14
Q
Reduced molecules have
A
- more energy
- more electrons
15
Q
E. Coli’s carbon/energy source
A
- carbohydrate
- amino acids
- lipid
4 nucleotides
16
Q
Carbon
A
- heterotrophs use organics to supply carbon
- autotrophs can “fix” CO2 from air
17
Q
Hydrogen
A
- carbon source typically supplies H (H2O in autotrophs)
18
Q
Oxygen
A
- Carbon source also typically supples O
19
Q
Nitrogen
A
- Amino acids, NH4+, NO3-, (also N2-fixation)
20
Q
Phosphorus
A
- almost entirely from inorganic P (PO42-)
21
Q
Sulfur
A
- S-amino acids (cysteine), sulfate (SO42-)
22
Q
Micronutrients
A
- typically inorganic (transition metals)
- typically required in microgram quantities
- often present in laboratory water and glassware
- serve structural/catalytic roles in specific enzymes
23
Q
Manganese
A
- involved in phosphate transfer
24
Q
Molybdenum
A
- involved in nitrogen transformations
25
Bug "Growth Factors"
- typically small organic compounds
- amino acids (protein synthesis)
- purines/pyrimidines (nucleic acid synthesis)
- vitamins (enzyme cofactors)
- others include heme, cholesterol, polyamides
- required in varying concentrations
26
defined media
- exact chemical composition is known
27
complex media
- chemical composition is poorly defined
