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Genetics And Evolution > RNA > Flashcards

RNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Difference b/w DNA and RNA structure?

A

The sugar of an RNA is a ribose and thymine is substituted for uracil in RNA

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

Base pairs in RNA are?

A

A and U, G and C

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4
Q

difference between the complementarity strands and non-complementarity strands in RNA

A

The complementarity strands ae held together by hydrogen bonds while the non-complementarity strands have their bases projecting away from the double stranded region

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5
Q

What does RNA constitute of?

A

RNA is anti-parralel, right-handed and double stranded.

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6
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Chromosomes are structures that contain the genetic material

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7
Q

What are genomes?

A

They are the entire complement of the genetic material

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8
Q

What do most eukaryotes have?

A

22 autosomes (non-sex chromosome) and one sex chromosomes (X for girls and Y for boys)

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9
Q

Difference in genome of eukaryotes and plants?

A

Plants have a chloroplast genome and eukaryotes have a mitcohondrial genome

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10
Q

short regions between adjacent genes (in bacteria) are called?

A

Intergenic region

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11
Q

what is one origin of replication?

A

a sequence that is a few hundred base pairs in length

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12
Q

what are repetitive sequences?

A

short DNA sequences that occur many times within a species genome

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13
Q

What are introns?

A

Non-coding intervening sequences

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14
Q

What are exons?

A

Region of RNA that remain after splicing has removed the introns

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15
Q

What are the three regions required for chromosomal replication and segregation?

A

i. Origin of replication
ii. Telomeres
iii. Centromeres

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16
Q

what are transposable elements?

A

short segments of DNA that are able to move within a genome

17
Q

what is a tandem array or tandem repeat?

A

a very short nucelotide is repeated many times in a row

18
Q

what is a nucleoid?

A

A nucleoid is where chromosomes are found in bacteria

19
Q

what is transposition?

A

Transposition is a proces in which short segments of a gene inserted into new locations in the genome

20
Q

what are the types of transposition?

A

Simple transposition and Retrotransposition

21
Q

What is a chromatin?

A

These are DNA protein complexes found within a eukarytic organism

22
Q

What is a nucleosome?

A

This is the repeating structural unit in an eukaryotic organism.
It is also a double stranded segment of DN that is wrapped around an octomer of histones proteins/histones

23
Q

What is the H1 histone and what does it do?

A

It is called a ‘linker’ histone and binds to DNA in the linker regionbetween nucleosomes and helps to organize adjacent nucleosomes

24
Q

List the core histones

A

H2A, H2B, H3 and H4

25
Q
A

Genetics And Evolution (7 decks)

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