Lesson 1: INTRO TO GENETICS

Question 1

What is Genetics?

Answer 1

Genetics is a branch of biology that deals with heredity and variation of organisms.

Question 2

Most human cells contain?

Answer 2

I. 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
II. 2 meters of DNA
III. 20k to 25k genes coding for proteins
IV. approx. 3 billion DNA base pairs set of chromosomes containing the bases: A, T, G and C

Question 3

What is a gene?

Answer 3

A gene is the unit of hereditary

Question 4

Reciprocal crossing, what is that?

Answer 4

A crossing strategy between a pair of parents, where the sees and phenotypes are reversed.

Question 5

What is the largest macromolecule?

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

What are the macromolecules?

Answer 6

1.Nucleic acids(DNA and RNA)
2. Carbohydrates
3. Proteins

Question 7

A DNA molecule can be composed from hundreds or even thousands of millions of building blocks called?

Answer 7

Nucleotides

Question 8

Where are chromosomes found in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

in living cells, DNA is found where?

Answer 9

In the chromosomes

Question 10

What are traits?

Answer 10

Traits are any characteristics that an organism displays

Question 11

Inherited differences in traits are due to?

Answer 11

Genetic Varitaion (why we all look different)

Question 12

what are living cells composed of?

Answer 12

i. Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
ii. Carbohydrates
iii. Proteins
iv. Lipids

Question 13

What is a proteome?

Answer 13

This is the entire collection of protein a cell makes at a given time.
It also determines the structure and function of a cell

Question 14

What does DNA do?

Answer 14

It stores information used to make cellular proteins

Question 15

what are somatic cells?

Answer 15

They are any cells that make up tissues, organs and structures of the body, excluding reproductive cells

Question 16

What is a chromosome?

Answer 16

A chromosome is a very long polymer of DNA

Question 17

What is a DNA sequence?

Answer 17

A sequence of nucleotides

Question 18

DNA of an average human chromosome is…

Answer 18

A:
i. Extraordinarily long
ii. Linear
iii. DOUBLE-STRANDED structure that contains over a hundred million nucleotides

Question 19

most human cells, somatic cells, have how many chromosomes?

Answer 19

46 chromosomes

Question 20

how many chromosomes do gametes have?

Answer 20

23. And during fertilization, the two gametes, egg and sperm cells, come together and that union restores the diploid number of chromosomes.

Question 21

Can you say homologous pairs of chromosomes and 46 chromosomes? Why?

Answer 21

Yes you can. We have 22 pairs of chromosomes, and additional 2, the gametes.
We also have 46 chromosomes. 22 pairs mean we have 22*2 chromosomes which is 44, plus the gametes, egg and sperm cells, which all add up to be 46 chromosomes.