Class 1

Question 1

what is a cross or hybridization? What are the offspring called?

Answer 1

This is when two distinct individuals with different characteristics are bred to each other. The offsprings are called hybrids

Question 2

What is a gamete?

Answer 2

They are HAPLOID reproductive cells that fuse to form a zygote.

Question 3

Self-fertilization?

Answer 3

Cross between itsel. When the pollen and egg are derived from the same plant.

Question 4

Cross-fertilization?

Answer 4

The cross between two different plants. Pollen- which produes sperm cells- of one plant is placed on the stigma of another plant.

Question 5

What are characters, traits and variants?

Answer 5

Characters refer to the general characteristics of an organism. Traits and variats refer to specific properties of a character. Ex: eye color is a charcter and brown is the trait (or variant) found in some people

Question 6

What is true breeding?

Answer 6

This is when the trait does not change from generation to generation. (In a true breeding situation, the children will constantly exhibit the same traits as the parents.)

Question 7

Is homozygous recessive * homozygous dominant true breeding?

Answer 7

No. This is because the offspring from this cross will be heterozygous, and not consistently exhibiting the same trait as either parent.

Question 8

What is homozygous dominant?

Answer 8

This is true breeding and when the alleles are denoted by capital letters i.e., AA

Question 9

What is homozygous recessive?

Answer 9

This is true breeding and when the alleles are denoted by small letters i.e., aa

Question 10

What is heterozygous?

Answer 10

This is not true breeding and has a mix of alleles i.e., Aa

Question 11

What is an allele?

Answer 11

Different versions of the same gene.

Question 12

What is meant by a dominant allele/gene?

Answer 12

This is typically the gene expressed even with only one allele present. It usually ‘overrides’ the recessive.

Question 13

What is meant by a recessive gene/allele?

Answer 13

A recessive gene or allele is expressed only when BOTH copies of the allele/gene is present. It also usually skips generations

Question 14

What can pedigrees be used for?

Answer 14

To determine the inheritance pattern for human genetic diseases.

Question 15

What can a pedigree show?

Answer 15

1. Two affected individuals producing a 100% affected individual.
2. One affected and one unaffected producing either an affected or unaffected individual, and
3. Two unaffected individuals producing an affected individual and an unaffected individual.

Question 16

What is random sampling error?

Answer 16

Deviation between the observed and the expected errors. Smaller in larger samples, bigger in smaller samples.

Question 17

What is the law of segregation?

Answer 17

two copies of a gene segregate (seperate) during the process that gives rise to gametes

Question 18

What is independent assortment?

Answer 18

two different genes will randomly assort their alleles during the process that gives rise to gametes