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Cell Biology Test 3 > RNA 1 > Flashcards

RNA 1 Flashcards

1
Q

RNA structure

A

4 nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bond
Purines
Pyrimidines
Ribose

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2
Q

RNA base pairs or nucleotides

A

Purines Adenine and guanine

Pyrimidines Cytosine and uracil

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3
Q

Which RNA base pair together

A

Complementary base pairing

A=U; G≡C

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4
Q

RNA purines

A

Adenine and guanine

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5
Q

RNA Pyrimidines

A

Cytosine and uracil

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6
Q

Synthesis of mRNA from DNA template

A

Transcription

remember this is same language so transcribing

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7
Q

3 things required for transcription

A

DNA template (single strand)
RNA polymerase
Ribonucleoside triphosphates
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil

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8
Q

Composition of ribonucleotide

A

ribose (5C), nitrogen base, phosphate group

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9
Q

Translation

different languages

A

mRNA (nucleic acid) into protein

not same so need to translate

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10
Q

First amino acid in translation

A

fmet – formyl methionine

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11
Q

mRNA translated in codons

A

by ribosomes

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12
Q

what is a codon

A

Three consecutive nucleotides

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13
Q

Sequence of codons (mRNA) determines

A

amino acid sequence (protein)

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14
Q

Translation begins at

A

start codon: AUG (methionine) (usually)

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15
Q

Translation ends at

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

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16
Q

3 steps in translation

A

initiation, elongation, termination

17
Q

Genetic code

A

1) Universal
2) Redundant (degenerate)
3) 64 codons (61 “sense”; 3 “nonsense”)
4) Codon (mRNA) = 3 nucleotides

18
Q

tRNA (anticodon) carries

A 
amino acid (3’ end)
look at slide 8 or page 4 bottom.
19
Q

Bacteria (70S ribosome)

A

30S: 16S rRNA* + 21 proteins
50S: 5S and 23S rRNA + 34 proteins

20
Q

Archaea (70S ribosome)

A

30S: 16S rRNA* + 25 proteins
50S: 5S and 23S rRNA + 39 proteins
One has 5.8S rRNA
50-70 proteins depending on species

21
Q

Eukarya (80S ribosome)

A

40S: 18S rRNA + ~33 proteins
60S: 5S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNA + ~49 proteins

22
Q

What is the general process of translation?

A

Initiation, elongation, termination

23
Q

What are some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation?

A 
eukaryotic translation (cytoplasm) &transcription (nucleus) asynchronous process
prokaryotic translation/transcription is synchronous process. (same time)
24
Q 
The process by which the base sequence of an RNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of a protein is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) replication
B) transcription
C) reverse transcription
D) translation
A

D) translation

25
Q

During translation elongation, which event happens last?
A) A tRNA carrying an amino acid binds to the A site.
B) A peptide bond forms.
C) A tRNA molecule translocates from the A site to the P site.
D) A tRNA molecule translocates from the P site to the E site.

A

D) A tRNA molecule translocates from the P site to the E site.

26
Q

Which is true regarding translation in bacteria?
A) Translation begins with formation of the 30S initiation complex.
B) Translation ends when the Shine-Dalgarno sequence is reached.
C) The 70S ribosome is composed of a 20S and 50S subunit.
D) All of the choices are correct.

A

A) Translation begins with formation of the 30S initiation complex.

27
Q 
In \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, ribosomes can attach to the mRNA and begin translation even though transcription has not been completed.
A) bacteria
B) eukaryotes
C) fungi
D) protozoa and some plants
A

A) bacteria

28
Q 
The process by which the base sequence of all or a portion of a DNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) replication
B) transcription
C) reverse transcription
D) translation
A

B) transcription

29
Q 
bacterial \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the nontranscribed region of the DNA to which RNA polymerase binds in order to initiate transcription.
A) operon
B) operator
C) promoter
D) initiator
A

C) promoter

30
Q

Choose the correct order of proteins that function in the initiation, elongation, and termination stages of DNA replication.
A) DnaA, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase
B) DnaA, DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III, DNA ligase
C) DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase, DnaA
D) DNA polymerase I, DnaA, DNA polymerase III, DNA ligase

A

A) DnaA, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, DNA ligase

31
Q 
RNA polymerase III of eukaryotes is responsible for transcribing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) rRNA
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) All of the choices are correct.
A

C) tRNA

three starts with T so tRNA is III

32
Q 
RNA polymerase II of eukaryotes is responsible for transcribing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) rRNA
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) All of the choices are correct.
A

B) mRNA

Cell Biology Test 3 (18 decks)

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