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Cell Biology Test 3 > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

1
Q

DNA structure

A

4 different nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bond
Double helix
Antiparallel
Complementary base pairing

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2
Q

DNA Purines

A

Adenine and guanine

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3
Q

DNA Pyrimidines

A

Cytosine and thymine

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4
Q

DNA Complementary base pairing

A

A=T; G≡C

Hydrogen bonding

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5
Q

DNA structure - review

A

2 DNA strands wrap around each other
Grooves
Major – proteins interact with nucleotides
Minor – smaller than major groove

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6
Q

DNA size

A 
3.4 nm for 1 turn
10 bp = 1 turn
1 bp = 0.34 nm
1000 bp = 1 kilobase (kb)
1,000,000 bp = 1 megabase (Mb
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7
Q

DNA Replication

A

Semiconservative replication

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8
Q

Semiconservative DNA replication

A

Use “old” strand as template for “new” strand

Resulting DNA contains ½ “old” and ½ “new” DNA

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9
Q

DNA Replication: Process

5 steps

A 
Unwind DNA; stabilize ssDNA 
Primase adds RNA primer to DNA template
DNA polymerase III adds nt (5’3’)
DNA polymerase I removes RNA primer; adds nuctide
DNA ligase links Okazaki fragments
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10
Q

Draw out on chalkboard and/or whiteboard –

1) DNA replication process and
2) How a single nucleotide is added

A

On page 6. Look at it. I think he drew it on the board

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11
Q

What unwinds the DNA in step 1 of DNA replication

A

Helicase

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12
Q

What add/remove supercoils in DNA replication step 1

A

Topoisomerases (Type I, Type II, DNA gyrase (Bacteria))

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13
Q

What releases pyrophosphate (PPi)

in DNA replication step 3

A

Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate(s)

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14
Q

Which strand has continuous synthesis in DNA replication step 3

A

leading strand

it leads the way continuous

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15
Q

Which strand has = discontinuous synthesis in DNA synthesis step 3

A

lagging strand

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16
Q

What removes RNA primer; adds nucleotide in step 4 of DNA replication

A

DNA polymerase I

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17
Q

What links Okazaki fragments

A

DNA ligase

18
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

5’ to 3’ polymerase

3’ to 5’ exonuclease

19
Q

What does the exonuclease do from 3’ to 5’

A

corrects any mistakes

20
Q

What does the exonuclease III do from 3’ to 5’

A

corrects any mistakes

21
Q

What does the 5’ to 3’ polymerase III do

A 
Adds nucleotides (nt)
~1000 nt/second
22
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

5’ to 3’ polymerase
5’ to 3’ exonuclease
3’ to 5’ exonuclease

23
Q

What do 5’ to 3’ polymerase do

A

Adds nucleotides

~20 nt/second

24
Q

What do 5’ to 3’ polymerase I do

A

Adds nucleotides

~20 nt/second

25
Q

What do 5’ to 3’ exonuclease I do

A

Helps remove RNA primer

26
Q

what do 3’ to 5’ exonuclease I do

A

Corrects mistake(s)

27
Q

DNA replication of bacteria begins

A

Origin of replication (oriC); DnaA binds

28
Q

DNA replication of eukaryotes begins

A

Many locations; no oriC

29
Q

DNA replication of bacteria ends

A

Terminus

30
Q

DNA replication of eukaryotes ends

A

many locations

31
Q

DNA replication of bacteria both directions

A

Bidirectional around circular chromosome

32
Q

DNA replication of eukaryotes both directions

A

Bidirectional along linear chromosomes

33
Q

How many replication forks are in bacteria

A

2

34
Q

How many replication forks are in eukaryotes

A

Many

35
Q

Does bacteria have special structures for DNA replication

A

NO

36
Q

What special structures do eukaryotes have for DNA replication?

A

telomeres

37
Q

What is a telomere

A

specialized structure at end of chromosome;
short repeated sequence of DNA
Maintain integrity of linear chromosomes

38
Q

What are telomeres involved in

A

aging process by telomere length

cancer by activation of telomerase

39
Q

What makes telomeres

A

telomerase

from a RNA template to make DNA

40
Q

On a linear eukaryotic dna what happens on lagging strand

A

It cannot finish the strand

Get shortened DNA molecule every time replication occurs

Cell Biology Test 3 (18 decks)

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