Anabolism

Question 1

What are the anabolic processes for carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?

Answer 1

This will be what the cards are about.

Question 2

Biosynthesis (Anabolism) requires

Answer 2

Essential elements
Reducing agent
energy

Question 3

What are the essential elements for anabolism

Answer 3

CHONPS, metal ions, etc.

Question 4

what is the reducing agent for anabolism

Answer 4

NADPH

Question 5

what is the energy required for anabolism

Answer 5

ATP,
oxidation of NADPH,
transmembrane ion gradient

Question 6

Substrates for biosynthesis (bacteria) from where

Answer 6

glycolysis, krebs, actyl-coA

Question 7

Substrates for biosynthesis (bacteria) from glycolysis intermediates make

Answer 7

Sugars
Amino acids
Purines
Lipids
Peptidoglycan

Question 8

Substrates for biosynthesis (bacteria) from Krebs intermediates make

Answer 8

Amino acids
Pyrimidines
Heme

Question 9

Substrates for biosynthesis (bacteria) from Acetyl coA intermediates make

Answer 9

Fatty acids (lipids)
Amino acids

Question 10

Substrates for biosynthesis (eukaryotes) Intermediates from: Glycolysis are used to make

Answer 10

Sugars
Amino acids
Pyrimidines
Lipids

Question 11

Substrates for biosynthesis (eukaryotes) Intermediates from: Krebs are used to make

Answer 11

Amino acids
Pyrimidines and purines
Chlorophyll and heme

Question 12

Substrates for biosynthesis (eukaryotes) Intermediates from: Krebs are used to make

Answer 12

Amino acids
Pyrimidines and purines
Chlorophyll and heme

Question 13

Substrates for biosynthesis (eukaryotes) Intermediates from: acetyl coA are used to make

Answer 13

Fatty acids and cholesterol (lipids)

Amino acids

Question 14

Amphibolic pathways metabolic

Answer 14

Function in both anabolism and catabolism

Share enzymes, but pathways are never identical

Question 15

Why are enzyme pathways never the same

Answer 15

Some enzymes act reversibly

Separate enzymes for some steps in pathway

Question 16

How is metabolic pathways regulated

Answer 16

allow simultaneous reactions to occur with
Separate enzymes
NAD+ (catabolic)
NADP+ (anabolic)
Energy level of cell
Needs of cell

Question 17

Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize some anabolic and catabolic pathways so that these pathways can be operated ________.

Answer 17

independently

Question 18

Different proteins have different amino acid ________.

Answer 18

sequences

Question 19

Many enzyme-catalyzed reactions are freely reversible; however, some key steps require separate enzymes for the reverse step in order to provide for independent regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What are the anabolic processes for carbohydrates

Answer 20

Gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway

Question 21

What are the anabolic processes for lipids

Answer 21

1) synthesis of lipids on liver cells from amino acids which are converted to acetyl-CoA
2) from glucose into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

both are converted to triglycerides

Question 22

What are the 5 anabolic processes for proteins

Answer 22

amino acid synthesis, transcription, translation, post translational modifications, and protein folding

Question 23

What are converted to triglycerides during lipid anabolism

Answer 23

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (from glucose)

acetyl-CoA (from amino acids)

Question 24

What are proteins made from

Answer 24

amino acids

Question 25

What are the anabolic processes for nucleic acids

Answer 25

chemical reaction of phosphate, pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 26

How are catabolic and anabolic reactions integrated by cells

Answer 26

Anabolic pathways synthesize molecules and require energy.

Catabolic pathways break down molecules and produce energy

Question 27

In the biosynthesis of glycerol, the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate produces what important precursor molecule?
A) Glycerol 3-phosphate
B) Coenzyme A
C) Phospholipids
D) Dihydrogen monoxide

Answer 27

A) Glycerol 3-phosphate

Question 28

Cells save energy and materials by using many of the same enzymes for both ________ and ________.

Answer 28

anabolism; catabolism

Question 29

Which statement reflects the correct order in the synthesis of triacylglycerol?

Answer 29

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate → glycerol 3-phosphate → phosphatidic acid → diacylglycerol → triacylglycerol