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Cell Biology Test 3 > Anabolism > Flashcards

Anabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the anabolic processes for carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids?

A

This will be what the cards are about.

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2
Q

Biosynthesis (Anabolism) requires

A

Essential elements
Reducing agent
energy

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3
Q

What are the essential elements for anabolism

A

CHONPS, metal ions, etc.

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4
Q

what is the reducing agent for anabolism

A

NADPH

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5
Q

what is the energy required for anabolism

A

ATP,
oxidation of NADPH,
transmembrane ion gradient

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6
Q

Substrates for biosynthesis (bacteria) from where

A

glycolysis, krebs, actyl-coA

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7
Q

Substrates for biosynthesis (bacteria) from glycolysis intermediates make

A 
Sugars
Amino acids
Purines
Lipids
Peptidoglycan
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8
Q

Substrates for biosynthesis (bacteria) from Krebs intermediates make

A

Amino acids
Pyrimidines
Heme

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9
Q

Substrates for biosynthesis (bacteria) from Acetyl coA intermediates make

A 
Fatty acids (lipids)
Amino acids
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10
Q

Substrates for biosynthesis (eukaryotes) Intermediates from: Glycolysis are used to make

A

Sugars
Amino acids
Pyrimidines
Lipids

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11
Q

Substrates for biosynthesis (eukaryotes) Intermediates from: Krebs are used to make

A

Amino acids
Pyrimidines and purines
Chlorophyll and heme

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12
Q

Substrates for biosynthesis (eukaryotes) Intermediates from: Krebs are used to make

A

Amino acids
Pyrimidines and purines
Chlorophyll and heme

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13
Q

Substrates for biosynthesis (eukaryotes) Intermediates from: acetyl coA are used to make

A

Fatty acids and cholesterol (lipids)

Amino acids

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14
Q

Amphibolic pathways metabolic

A

Function in both anabolism and catabolism

Share enzymes, but pathways are never identical

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15
Q

Why are enzyme pathways never the same

A

Some enzymes act reversibly

Separate enzymes for some steps in pathway

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16
Q

How is metabolic pathways regulated

A 
allow simultaneous reactions to occur with
Separate enzymes
NAD+ (catabolic)
NADP+ (anabolic)
Energy level of cell
Needs of cell
17
Q

Eukaryotic cells compartmentalize some anabolic and catabolic pathways so that these pathways can be operated ________.

A

independently

18
Q

Different proteins have different amino acid ________.

A

sequences

19
Q

Many enzyme-catalyzed reactions are freely reversible; however, some key steps require separate enzymes for the reverse step in order to provide for independent regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways

A

True

20
Q

What are the anabolic processes for carbohydrates

A

Gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway

21
Q

What are the anabolic processes for lipids

A

1) synthesis of lipids on liver cells from amino acids which are converted to acetyl-CoA
2) from glucose into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

both are converted to triglycerides

22
Q

What are the 5 anabolic processes for proteins

A

amino acid synthesis, transcription, translation, post translational modifications, and protein folding

23
Q

What are converted to triglycerides during lipid anabolism

A

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (from glucose)

acetyl-CoA (from amino acids)

24
Q

What are proteins made from

A

amino acids

25
Q

What are the anabolic processes for nucleic acids

A

chemical reaction of phosphate, pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

26
Q

How are catabolic and anabolic reactions integrated by cells

A

Anabolic pathways synthesize molecules and require energy.

Catabolic pathways break down molecules and produce energy

27
Q 
In the biosynthesis of glycerol, the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate produces what important precursor molecule?
A) Glycerol 3-phosphate
B) Coenzyme A
C) Phospholipids
D) Dihydrogen monoxide
A

A) Glycerol 3-phosphate

28
Q

Cells save energy and materials by using many of the same enzymes for both ________ and ________.

A

anabolism; catabolism

29
Q

Which statement reflects the correct order in the synthesis of triacylglycerol?

A

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate → glycerol 3-phosphate → phosphatidic acid → diacylglycerol → triacylglycerol

Cell Biology Test 3 (18 decks)

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