RMA W10-11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are z-scores?

A

Z-scores allow us to compare values from different data sets.

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2
Q

How do you calculate a z-score?

A

z= x- mean/SD

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3
Q

How do you interpret a z-score?

A

A z-score tells you how many standard deviations from the mean a value is. A smaller number indicates being closer to the mean.

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4
Q

What does a table entry give you?

A

It gives you the area to the left of the z-score. Subtracting it from 1 gives the area to the right.

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5
Q

What is the chi-square test for goodness of fit(x^2)?

A

It’s used for categorical data/nominal variables to answer questions about the proportions of a population distribution.

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6
Q

What is the formula for the χ^2 statistic?

A

∑(​(fobserved​−fexpected​)^2​)/ fexpected)

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7
Q

What is the degrees of freedom for the χ^2 test for goodness of fit?

A

df=𝐶−1, where C is the number of categories.

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8
Q

What is the χ^2 test of independence?

A

It determines if two separate variables are linked or associated. The null hypothesis suggests there is no relationship.

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9
Q

How do you calculate the expected frequency in the χ^2 test of independence?

A

fexpected​=column total×row total​/total sample number

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10
Q

How do you calculate degrees of freedom in the χ^2 test of independence?

A

df=(r−1)×(c−1), where r and c are the number of rows and columns, respectively.

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11
Q

What is another term for p=0.05?

A

It’s often denoted as 𝛼 = alpha

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12
Q

What is statistical inference?

A

Statistical inference allows making inferences about a population from sample data.

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13
Q
A
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