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Risk scores Flashcards

1
Q

Diabetes risk score: criteria

A 
Age gender ethnicity
Waist measurement
BMI
HTN or taking meds for it
FHx of diabetes
Hyperglycaemia symptoms
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2
Q

Hyperglycaemia symptoms

A 
Toilet
Thirsty
Tired
Thinner
Thrush
-visual blurring
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3
Q

0-6 diabetes risk score

A

Low

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4
Q

7-15 diabetes risk score

A

Increased

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5
Q

16-24 diabetes risk score

A

Moderate

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6
Q

25-47 diabetes risk score

A

High

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7
Q

Diabetes lifestyle advice

A 
Regular meals
Portion size
Decrease salt, fat, sugar
Moderate alcohol
Exercise
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8
Q

Diabetes exercise advice

A

150 minutes per week

Increase HR and RR

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9
Q

What is the name of the score for assessing chance of diabetes

A

Diabetes risk score

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10
Q

What is the name of the score for risk fo stroke in patients with Atrial Fibrillation

A

CHA2DS2VASc

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11
Q

CHA2DS2VASc Criteria

A 
Congestive heart failure
Hypertension
Age 75+
Diabetes
Stroke/ TIA
Vascular disease
Age 65-74
Sex- femlae
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12
Q

CHA2DS2VASc score of 1 recommendation

A

Aspirin

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13
Q

CHA2DS2VASc score of 2 recommendation

A

Warfarin

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14
Q

CHA2DS2VASc score of 2 annual stroke risk

A

2%

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15
Q

CHA2DS2VASc score of 5 annual stroke risk

A

5%

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16
Q

CHA2DS2VASc score of 6-8 annual stroke risk

A

10%

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17
Q

CHA2DS2VASc score of 9 annual stroke risk

A

15%

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18
Q

CHA2DS2VASc advice to the patient

A

Manage bleeding risk factors
Manage HTN and diabetes
Warfarin advice

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19
Q

What are modifiable risk factors for bleeding (HAS BLED)

A

Uncontrolled HTN
Aspirin
NSAIDs
Alcohol

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20
Q

What is the score for risk of an osteoporotic fracture in untreated patients

A

FRAX

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21
Q

FRAX criteria

A 
Age, sex, weight, height
Previous fracture, parental hip fracture
Current smoking, >3 alcohol units a day
Glucocorticoids
Rheumatoid arthritis
Femoral neck BMD
Secondary osteoporosis
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22
Q

Conditions which cause secondary osteoporosis

A 
T1DM
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Long standing
-hyperthyroid
-hypogonadism
Menopause before 45
Malabsorption/ malnutrition
Chronic liver disease
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23
Q

How do you measure BMD

A

T score compares reading to healthy 30 year old

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24
Q

Advice to ALL FRAX score patients

A 
Stop smoking
regular weight bearing exercise
falls reduction measures
Adcal-D3
Dairy, leafy vegetables
25
Q

Advice to those with a high FRAX score

A

Take a bisphosphonate- alendronic acid

26
Q

Which score assesses risk of stroke after a TIA

27
Q

ABCD2 criteria

A 
Age >60
Blood pressure >140/90
Clinical features
-unilateral weakness
-speech w/o weakness
Duration
-60+
-10-59
-<10
Diabetes
28
Q

What is ABCD2 score 0-3

A

Low risk 1%

29
Q

What is ABCD2 score 4-5

A

Moderate risk 4%

30
Q

What is ABCD2 score 6+

A

High risk 8%

31
Q

What is the outcome of low risk ABCD2

A

7 day wait

32
Q

What is the outcome of a 4+ ABCD2

33
Q

ABCD2 medication advice

A

Aspirin and atorvastatin

34
Q

How does aspirin work

A

Inhibits COX

35
Q

How does clopidogrel work

A

P2Y12 inhibitor

36
Q

How do statins work

A

Inhibit HMGCoA reductase

37
Q

ABCD2 lifestyle advice

A

Diet- less fat and cholesterol
Exercise
Stop smoking
Medication adherence

38
Q

Which score assesses the probability of developing DVT

A

Wells score

39
Q

Wells score criteria

A 
Clinical symptoms
Active cancer
Recent 3 day immobilisation
Previous DVT or PE
Long haul flight
Haemoptysis
HRT or oral contraceptive
40
Q

Clinical symptoms of DVT

A 
Paralysis, paresis or immobilisation of leg
Localised tenderness
Calf swelling
Entire leg swollen
One sided pitting oedema
Collateral superficial veins
41
Q

Wells score 1 outcome

A

DVT unlikely- D dimer

42
Q

Wells score 2+ outcome

A

DVT likely

  • D dimer
  • Ultrasound
43
Q

What to do if ultrasound positive or gonna take more than 4 hours

A

Dalteparin (LMWH)

44
Q

How do LMWH work

A

Inhibit factor Xa

45
Q

What to do to all Wells score patients

A

Give warfarin

46
Q

Which score assesses the risk of having a heart attack or stroke in the next 10 years

47
Q

QRISK2 criteria categories

A 
Personal information
PMHx CARD
DHx
FHx
SHx
Direct measurements
48
Q

QRISK2 personal information

A 
Age
Sex
Ethnicity
BMI
Postocde
49
Q

QRISK2 pmh

50
Q

QRISK2 dhx

A

Existing HTN treatment

51
Q

QRISK2 FHx

A

Angina or heart attack, <60yo first degree relative

52
Q

QRISK2 SHx

53
Q

QRISK2 direct measurements

A

Cholesterol

Systolic bp

54
Q

What is QRISK2 <10%

55
Q

What is QRISK2 10-20%

56
Q

What is QRISK2 20+%

57
Q

QRISK2 less than 10% advice

A 
Further reductions can be made
Stop smoking
exercise
diet change
weight loss
disease control and medication adherence
58
Q

QRISK2 more than 10% advice

A

Lifestyle factors
Disease control review
Atorvastatin

2b (28 decks)

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