Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2b > Neurological examination > Flashcards

Neurological examination Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of a neurological examination

A 
Romberg test
Walking
Cranial Nerves
Motor system 
Sensory system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What position is needed for the Romberg test

A

Feet next to each other
Eyes closed
Arms stretched out
Hands supinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which centres are responsible for balance

A

Cerebellum, proprioception, vestibulum, eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does balance being worse on eye closure suggest

A

Proprioceptive problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What needs to be determined with power problems

A

Central or peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does pronatory drift suggest

A

A pyramidal lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What should you look out for when assesseing water

A

Posture
Balance
Stride length
Arm swing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acute history reasons

A

Vascular, toxins, drugs, trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Subacute history reasons

A

Infections, inflammation, tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chronic history reasons

A

Neurodegenerative conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name four walking patterns

A

Hemiplegic, scissoring, steppage, parkinsonian gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the test for meningism

A

Take head of patient in both hands, move forwards and backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes of meningism

A

Meningism, subarachnoid haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Who shows scissoring gate

A

Cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who shows hemiplegic gate

A

Hemplegics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How to test CN2

A

Shine light into one eye.
Bring light from side
Both pupils will constrict
(Direct and indirect light reflexes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Do people keep their glasses on for visual activity tests

A

Yes. If they dont have glasses with them, can use the pinhole test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Testing visual fields

A

Eyes at same level as patient

Both the patients fields should be the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fundoscopy

A

Use your right eye to look into the patients right eye, looking for papilloedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which reflex are you looking for with fundoscopy

A

Red reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do you test eye movements

A

Tell patient to keep head still and follow the finger with their eyes. T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are you testing with the eye movements examination

A

3,4,6 CNs and cortical eye fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does right 6th nerve palsy show

A

Cant move the eye to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does 3rd nerve palsy show

A

Ptosis and mydriasis

Eyes out and down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are you looking for

A

Sclera completely going, and if the sides are different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which shapes are you doing with the object for the patient to follow

A

H and I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which nerve is tested by the corneal reflex

A

Efferent trigeminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Motor function of the trigeminal

A

Jaw closure and mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which nerve is responsible for jaw jerk

A

Efferent V3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is sparing of the forehead a sign of

A

Upper CNVII (eg after stroke) lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is all facial muscles on the affected side being weak a sign of

A

Lower CNVII (Bells palsy) lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is all facial muscles on the affected side being weak a sign of

A

Lower CNVII (Bells palsy) lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How to test trigeminal sensory

A

Use cotton wool then a pin, testing each division on both sides. Ask them if it feels the same on both sides. Start by testing on chest

34
Q

How to test trigeminal motoro

A

Ask them to clench teeth

Get them open mouth and then test the power in different directions

35
Q

How to test jaw jerk

A

As them to open their mouth and then test reflex

36
Q

How to test facial motor

A 
Raise eyebrows
Stop doctor opening eyes
Smile
Pout
Puff out cheeks
37
Q

What is bells sign

A

Ask them to smile and the eye moves up

38
Q

How to test 9th and 10th

A

Say aaargh
Movements of palate
Swallow reflex

39
Q

Right vagal nerve palsy would cause uvula and palate to move in what direction

A

Towards the left

40
Q

Swallow reflex tests which nerves

A

9th afferent

10th efferent

41
Q

Which two muscles are innervated by the accessory nerve

A

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

42
Q

How do you test sternocleidomastoid

A

Turn head to opposite side, and make them resist force

43
Q

How do you test trapezius

A

Shoulder strug and make them resist force

44
Q

Right 12th nerve palsy would cause the tongue to move to which side

A

To the right

45
Q

Does a 10th nerve palsy cause move towards or away?

Does a 12th nerve palsy cause move towards or away?

A

Vagal away

12th towards

46
Q

What position should the tongue be in for examination

A

Relaxed

If projected, fasciculation cant be seen

47
Q

What position should the tongue be in for examination

A

Relaxed

If projected, fasciculation cant be seen

48
Q

Why use a tuning fork

A

To compare air and bone conduction. It should be louder in the air. Louder on the mastoid process would suggest a problem with the outer ear such as wax

49
Q

Why use a tuning fork

A

To compare air and bone conduction. It should be louder in the air. Louder on the mastoid process would suggest a problem with the outer ear such as wax

50
Q

What five things do you look at for the motor system

A 
Inspection
Tone
Power
Reflexes
Coordination
51
Q

What is tone

A

Resistance of the muscle to heightened movement

52
Q

When is tone high

A

UMN

53
Q

When is tone low

A

LMN

54
Q

Describe UMN changes

A

Increased spastic tone
Pyramidal pattern of weakness
increased tendon relexes

55
Q

Describe LMN changes

A 
Descreased muscle mass
-atrophy and fasciculations
Decreased tone
Peripheral weakness
Decreased tendon weakensses
56
Q

What is spasticity

A

Velocity dependent
First increase, then decrease
Selectivity
Typical of UMN

57
Q

What is rigidity

A

Increased tone over entire radius of joint movement

Seen in parkinsons

58
Q

What do you look for in Power

A

Symmetry/asymmetry
Pattern of weakness
Grade the power

59
Q

What do you look for in Power

A

Symmetry/asymmetry
Pattern of weakness
Grade the power

60
Q

Define fasciculation

A

Involuntary small muscle movement

61
Q

What does proximal weakness suggest

A

A problem with the muscle

62
Q

What does distal weakness suggest

A

Nerve

63
Q

When is a reflex pathologically brisk

A
  • brisker than the other side
  • widening of reflex zone
  • spread of reflex response
64
Q

Which directions do you test the hip in

A

Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension

65
Q

Which directions do you test the knee in

A

Flexion and extension

66
Q

Which directions do you test the ankle in

A

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

67
Q

What does impaired coordination suggest

A

Cerebellar damage

68
Q

What are the tests for coordination

A

Heel to shin
(finger nose)
Rapid alternating movements

69
Q

How to test plantar responses

A

Scratch lateral border of foot then towards big toe. Normal response is big toe goes up. In adults its an UMN sign

70
Q

What is a <2yr olds response to babinski

A

Big toe goes down

71
Q

What are the four main qualities of sensation

A

Light touch and pin prick

Joint position sense and vibration

72
Q

How can you reinforce reflexes

A

Clench teeth or across chest

73
Q

Upper limb reflexes

A

Biceps
Triceps
Suppinator

74
Q

Lower limb reflexes

A

Knee

Ankle

75
Q

How do you test finger nose coordination

A

Get the patient to alternate touching their nose and your finger

76
Q

Why do peripheral nerves show a glove and stocking distribution

A

As only the cell body has mitochondria to make ATP so the distal parts are low on ATP first

77
Q

What is an eye which can acommodate but not the light a sign of

A

Syphilis

78
Q

What is fatigueability a sign of

A

Myasthenia gravis

79
Q

Which nerve controls the corneal reflex

A

Trigeminal

80
Q

The motor division of the 1st branch of the facial nerve is responsible for

A

Stapedius, tightening the tympanic membrane

81
Q

Where is the lesion if there is forehead sparing

A

Upper motor neurone

2b (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions