Risk of ... inheritance Flashcards
What are some factors which are important in determining weather offspring will survive?
- Deleterious alleles
- Level of care
What is population genetics?
Change in alleles as a result of a change in selection pressures
What equations can be used to estimate the frequency of an allele in a population?
p +q =1
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
What are the conditions for the hardy-Weinberg equation to be true?
No mutations No migration No selection pressure Random mating large population Equal allele frequency in both sex
What does hardy-weinberg equation predict?
That the allele frequency will remain constant over time as long as the conditions are met.
What is assortative mating ?
Choosing a partner based on shared characteristics
What is consanguinity ?
Marriage between close blood relatives
What are two examples of non random mating?
Assortative and consanguinity
What is natural selection?
The gradual process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population
What is positive selection?
Increase’s reproductive fitness and prevalence of adaptive traits giving a heterozygote advantage.
What is negative selection?
Reduction of reproductive fitness, decreases the prevalence of traits and gradual reduction of mutant alleles
Why is a large population important?
Because it can balance out fluctuations.
What are examples of times where change in population size has affected the allele frequency?
Statistical drift
Founder effect
Genetic drift
Bottleneck effect
What is genetic drift?
The random fluctuations in a trait from one generation to the next
What is statistical drift?
Is due to changes or random events.
