Drug stuff I don't know

Question 1

What three substances can be used to induce drug action?

Answer 1

Phenytoin
Rifampin
St. Johns wort

Question 2

What three substances can be used to inhibit drug action?

Answer 2

Grapefruit Juice
Protease inhibitors
Azoles

Question 3

What are the names of the CYP drugs involved in converting drugs into a more recognisable form so they can be excreted?

Answer 3

CYP2D6
CYP2C9
CYP2C19

Question 4

What are CYP2D6

Answer 4

Polymorphisms which metabolise more than 65 communally used drugs inc. Antidepressants, antipsychotics and opioid’s

Question 5

What are CYP2C9

Answer 5

Polymorphisms which metabolise 16 commonly used drugs inc. Warfarin, phenytoin and NSAIDs

Question 6

What are CYP2C19

Answer 6

Polymorphisms which metabolise antidepressants, warfarin

Question 7

What is Cl measured in?

Answer 7

ml per min

Question 8

What is Vd measured in?

Answer 8

l per kg

Question 9

What is the equation combining half life, Cl and Vd?

Answer 9

t 1/2 = 0.693 Vd / Cl

Question 10

What is the first phase of metabolism ?

Answer 10

Activation or deactivation which increases polarity and provides an active site for stage 2

Question 11

What 3 reactions are found in the first stage of metabolism?

Answer 11

Hydrolysis
Oxidation
Reduction

Question 12

What group of enzymes are very important in metabolism stage 1

Answer 12

Cytochrome P450 enzymes

Question 13

Examples of enzymes used in metabolism

Answer 13

CYP1A2 which breaks down theophylline
CYP2D6 which acts on codeine
CYP3A4 which acts on cyclosporine

Question 14

What is the second stage in metabolism ?

Answer 14

Drug is converted to conjugated product, making it more water soluble.

Question 15

Examples of groups that can be added in the second stage of metabolism?

Answer 15

Glucuronic acid
Glutathione
Sulphate
Acetate