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Foundations of Medicine > Key words > Flashcards

Key words Flashcards

1
Q

Aetiology

A

cause of disease

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2
Q

Pathogenesis

A

How disease develops

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3
Q

Symptom

A

What patient feels

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4
Q

Sign

A

Our (doctors) observations

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5
Q

Diagnosis

A

Defined abnormalities

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6
Q

Prognosis

A

Predicted outcome

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7
Q

Natural history

A

Course of disease without treatment

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8
Q

Homeostasis

A

The prevention of the disturbance in the system is known as homeostasis.

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA, nucleoprotein and some RNA

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10
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

RER modifies proteins. SER has no ribosomes attached and is mainly associated with lipid and steroid hormone production and metabolism of toxins.

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11
Q

Ribosomes

A

Synthesise proteins

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12
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Packages up protein in preparation for transport out of the cell

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13
Q

Mitochondria

A

Matrix contains most of the enzymes required for metabolising food molecules

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14
Q

Lysosomes

A

Membrane bound vesicles containing (storing) enzymes – they separate enzymes from the rest of the cell

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15
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Supports and maintains cell shape, Holds organelles in position, Helps move organelles around the cell and
is compromised of one of three forms of protein: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules.

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16
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical processes of a living organisms by which the energy stored in food is used for tissue growth and energy production.

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17
Q

Catabolic

A

In the catabolic pathways food molecules are broken down and oxidised to form more simple molecules. Some of energy released from this is lost in heat (2nd law of thermodynamics) however most of it is used to fed the anabolic pathways

18
Q

Anabolic

A

In the anabolic pathway small molecules are combined to form more complex molecules

19
Q

Intermediary metabolite

A

They are intermediate molecules that are used in almost all different areas of our metabolism. i.e. ATP or NADP

20
Q

Dehydrogenation reaction

A

Two hydrogen atoms are transferred form one molecule to another.

21
Q

Amphipathic

A

Contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

22
Q

Physiology

A

The study of how the systems function and work together is called

23
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Delivers O2 and nutrients to cells, removes waste from cells

24
Q

Respiratory System

A

Acquires O2, disposes of CO2

25
Q

Gastrointestinal System

A

Acquires nutrients, disposes of waste (faeces)

Renal System = Disposes of waste (urine)

26
Q

Musculoskeletal System

A

Sources nutrients (allows you to find and eat food), removes us from danger, protects from threat (allowing us to continue living and eating).

27
Q

Immune System

A

Protects us from infection (conserving energy? and allowing other systems to function)

28
Q

Nervous System

A

Coordinates other systems

29
Q

Endocrine System

A

Coordinates other systems, major role in allowing cellular access to nutrients that have been absorbed. (Takes nutrients from blood to cells)

30
Q

Reproductive System

A

Ensures continuation of life

31
Q

Pathology

A

Latin for suffering - disease or illness

32
Q

Condensation reaction

A

Describes biochemical reactions where two smaller molecules join to form one larger molecule, and water is release

33
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

Describes biochemical reactions where one larger molecule is split into two smaller molecules and water is used.

34
Q

Configuration

A

The linkage of atoms within a molecule determined by chemical bonds. It cannot be changed.

35
Q

Conformations

A

are different appearances of a molecule (or of a given configuration) which are produced by rotation of a group or sidechain around a single bond.

36
Q

lipophilic

A

hydrophobic

37
Q

lipophobic

A

hydrophilic

38
Q

diffusion

A

Diffusion is the process by which a gas or substance in solution expands to fill all the available volume. Therefore molecules spread from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, until the concentration is uniform throughout the volume

39
Q

Osmolarity

A

total number of particles in solution

40
Q

Tonicity

A

number of non-penetrating particles in solution

Foundations of Medicine (25 decks)

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