Key words

Question 1

Aetiology

Answer 1

cause of disease

Question 2

Pathogenesis

Answer 2

How disease develops

Question 3

Symptom

Answer 3

What patient feels

Question 4

Sign

Answer 4

Our (doctors) observations

Question 5

Diagnosis

Answer 5

Defined abnormalities

Question 6

Prognosis

Answer 6

Predicted outcome

Question 7

Natural history

Answer 7

Course of disease without treatment

Question 8

Homeostasis

Answer 8

The prevention of the disturbance in the system is known as homeostasis.

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Contains DNA, nucleoprotein and some RNA

Question 10

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

RER modifies proteins. SER has no ribosomes attached and is mainly associated with lipid and steroid hormone production and metabolism of toxins.

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

Synthesise proteins

Question 12

Golgi apparatus

Answer 12

Packages up protein in preparation for transport out of the cell

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Matrix contains most of the enzymes required for metabolising food molecules

Question 14

Lysosomes

Answer 14

Membrane bound vesicles containing (storing) enzymes – they separate enzymes from the rest of the cell

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

Supports and maintains cell shape, Holds organelles in position, Helps move organelles around the cell and
is compromised of one of three forms of protein: microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules.

Question 16

Metabolism

Answer 16

The chemical processes of a living organisms by which the energy stored in food is used for tissue growth and energy production.

Question 17

Catabolic

Answer 17

In the catabolic pathways food molecules are broken down and oxidised to form more simple molecules. Some of energy released from this is lost in heat (2nd law of thermodynamics) however most of it is used to fed the anabolic pathways

Question 18

Anabolic

Answer 18

In the anabolic pathway small molecules are combined to form more complex molecules

Question 19

Intermediary metabolite

Answer 19

They are intermediate molecules that are used in almost all different areas of our metabolism. i.e. ATP or NADP

Question 20

Dehydrogenation reaction

Answer 20

Two hydrogen atoms are transferred form one molecule to another.

Question 21

Amphipathic

Answer 21

Contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

Question 22

Physiology

Answer 22

The study of how the systems function and work together is called

Question 23

Cardiovascular System

Answer 23

Delivers O2 and nutrients to cells, removes waste from cells

Question 24

Respiratory System

Answer 24

Acquires O2, disposes of CO2

Question 25

Gastrointestinal System

Answer 25

Acquires nutrients, disposes of waste (faeces) | Renal System = Disposes of waste (urine)

Question 26

Musculoskeletal System

Answer 26

Sources nutrients (allows you to find and eat food), removes us from danger, protects from threat (allowing us to continue living and eating).

Question 27

Immune System

Answer 27

Protects us from infection (conserving energy? and allowing other systems to function)

Question 28

Nervous System

Answer 28

Coordinates other systems

Question 29

Endocrine System

Answer 29

Coordinates other systems, major role in allowing cellular access to nutrients that have been absorbed. (Takes nutrients from blood to cells)

Question 30

Reproductive System

Answer 30

Ensures continuation of life

Question 31

Pathology

Answer 31

Latin for suffering - disease or illness

Question 32

Condensation reaction

Answer 32

Describes biochemical reactions where two smaller molecules join to form one larger molecule, and water is release

Question 33

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 33

Describes biochemical reactions where one larger molecule is split into two smaller molecules and water is used.

Question 34

Configuration

Answer 34

The linkage of atoms within a molecule determined by chemical bonds. It cannot be changed.

Question 35

Conformations

Answer 35

are different appearances of a molecule (or of a given configuration) which are produced by rotation of a group or sidechain around a single bond.

Question 36

lipophilic

Answer 36

hydrophobic

Question 37

lipophobic

Answer 37

hydrophilic

Question 38

diffusion

Answer 38

Diffusion is the process by which a gas or substance in solution expands to fill all the available volume. Therefore molecules spread from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, until the concentration is uniform throughout the volume

Question 39

Osmolarity

Answer 39

total number of particles in solution

Question 40

Tonicity

Answer 40

number of non-penetrating particles in solution