Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
What is meant by primary & secondary prevention?
Primary aims to stop a cardiac disease by identifying high risk groups and secondary aims to stop a further one by halting the progression of the disease
What is meant by independent risk factors?
The characteristic on it’s own can lead to CAD
True or false: Family history is a non-independent risk factor for CAD?
True
List 8 modifiable risk factors associated with CVD
- Smoking
- Hyperlipidoemia
- Hypertension
- Inactivity
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Excessive Alcohol
- Psychosocial factors
- Diabetes
*The first six are independent risk factors
True or false: A 70 year old woman is more likely than a 70 year old man to have CVD
False
The incidents is the same in both genders at this age
What are three common modifyable risk factors that women should avoid over 55 year
- Obesity
2.Hyperlipidoema - Hypertension
- Inactivity
If one parent has CVD, how much more likely are their offspring to develop it?
15% and 30% if the CVD was <55yrs in Dad and <65 in Mum
There is a 50% increased risk of a person developing CVD if both parents had it - True or False?
True
What ethnic two groups have a higher incidence of CVD?
Bangladeshi and Pakistani
Afro Caribbeans have a lower incidence of CVD - T or F?
True
What are the acute adverse risk factors of smoking?
INCREASED DEMAND. DECREASED SUPPLY:
- Increased pulse and BP
- Vasospasm or coronory arteries
- Oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is reduced
What are 4 long term effects of smoking
- Loss of protective oestrogen due to earlier menopause (by 2-3 years)
- Delicate coronory artery lining is damaged
- Platelets more sticky which leads to thrombus formation
- HDL reduced
What is the increased likelihood of CVD for a smoker?
2-3 times more likely
How many years does it take for a smoker to reduce their risk of smoking to that of a non smoker?
15
Chances of second MI are reduced by 25% if the person stops smoking - true or false?
False
It’s a 50% reduction.
Passive smoking increases the risk of developing CVD by 25%
What are the acute and chronic effects of hypertension on the heart?
- The heart is working harder to eject blood into the systemic circulation
- The heart becomes enlarged (thickened) and less efficient
3.It requires more oxygen - Chest pain can occur
- It’s more susceptible to atheroma
Name 2 non dietry or medicinal ways to lower BP
- Stress management (relaxation)
- Exercise
What is cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a fatty substance that is used by our body to create cells, hormones, bile acids, Vitamin D and other substances.
What are the two sources of Cholesterol in the blood?
Foods and Liver
About 40% of body’s cholesterol needs are met from the diet
Your liver cannot make all the cholesterol your body needs - T or F?
False
What % of cholesterol is carried in lipoproteins of low density?
70%
Which is the dangerous Cholesterol - LDL or HDL?
LDL
Why is a high HDL known as protective cholesterol?
HDL acts as a scavenger and brings the cholesterol to the liver from the tissues
Where are excess triglycerides stored up in the body
Adipose Tissue
