Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BACPR > Exercise Prescription > Flashcards

Exercise Prescription Flashcards

1
Q

What is a risk for participants who find it difficult to monitor their exertion levels?

A

Increased risk of an exertion-related cardiac event

Such participants should receive additional guidance on monitoring exertion levels. This is not an absolute contradiction to exercise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the 8 absolute contraindications to exercise.

A
  1. Unstable angina
  2. Unstable or acute heart failure
  3. Unstable diabetes
  4. New or uncontrolled arhythmias
  5. Tachycardia (>100)
  6. Hypertension (>180/100)
  7. Symptomatic Hypotension
  8. Febrile illness

These contraindications require evaluation before resuming exercise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 3 criteria indicate the client is stable enough to exercise

A

Durng the preceeding month there has been:
1. No change in symptoms
2. No significant prescription changes
The exercise level & skill they are able to abtain is:
1. moderate intensity
2. Reach borg scale 11-14 or RPE 2-4
3. 40-70% HRR
4. Self monitoring skills obtained and maintained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What other pre-exercise self assessment criteria should be discussed with the instructor prior to exercise

A
  1. New Test Results (eg cholesterol, BP)
  2. New or worstening joint problems
  3. New medication side effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What should clients always bring to class?

A
  1. GTN spray
  2. Water

Even if not used on a regular basis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What should the aims and objectives of a long-term exercise programme do?

A
  1. Encourage Independance (self help, monitoring and self motivation)
  2. Advice & support re lifestyle change
  3. Individualised goal oriented prescription
  4. Supervised regular sessions to improve:
    * Muscular Fitness
    * Aerobic capacity
    * Balance
    * Flexibility
  5. Review and alter as client improves or deteriorates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It is advisable to increase CV duration and increase intensity at the same time. True or false?

A

False

Only one FITT variable should be increased at a time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Increasing the HRR from 60% yo 65% is a good way of progressing the client. True or false.

A

True

Progression is requiring further overload after the initial stimulus to create necessary adaptation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is meant by ‘Progressive Overload’?

A

The coupling of progression and overload in exercise training.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the term for losing adaptations due to stopping training?

A

Detraining.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long can it take to lose training adaptations completely with no activity?

A

A few months.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a recommended practice regarding resistance training (RT) frequency?

A

RT should not be performed on consecutive days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the main components of fitness to consider in programme design?

A

Aerobic and resistance training

Balance and flexibility should also be considered.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What should be considered for motor skills development and fall prevention?

A

Balance and flexibility

These are important for aiding motor skills.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the recommended duration for a warm-up before aerobic exercise?

A

A minimum of 15 minutes

Warm-up should include pulse-raising, mobility, and stretching.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the key mechanisms triggered during pulse-raising activities?

A

Increased coronary blood flow due to vasodilation, raised ischaemic threshold, and reduced risk of angina and arrhythmias

These mechanisms are essential for matching myocardial demands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

By what mechanisms do Coronory Arteries Vasodilate?

A
  1. Increased metabolic activity through a number of metabolic by products
  2. Endothelial Vasodilators eg Nitric Oxide
  3. Sympathetic Activity (to a lesser degree)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the key point regarding coronary arteries during exercise?

A

Coronary arteries are dilated, and the risk of ischaemia is reduced

This is critical for safe exercise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is advisable for the older average age group during range of motion exercises?

A

A relatively gradual progression of range of motion exercises is advisable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What activities should be combined to maintain elevated cardiac output during warm-up?

A

Pulse (metabolism) raising and mobility activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

For clients with impaired motor skills, what type of activities may be necessary?

A

Activities that intersperse flexibility/mobility activities with light intensity aerobic activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What types of stretches should be included in the warm-up?

A

Either slow full-range moving stretches or short duration static stretches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are four benefits of including stretches in the warm-up?

A
  • Ensure participants explore their full natural range of movement
  • Encourage good balance and alignment
  • Help identify tight or sore muscles prior to exercise
  • Practise positions for maintaining or developing flexibility.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What should be performed with upper body stretches during the warm-up?

A

Upper body stretches should be performed with the feet moving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What should be interspersed with lower body stretches?
Dynamic movements designed to maintain an elevated heart rate.
26
What is the target heart rate range by the end of the warm-up period?
Within 20 bpm below the lower end of their target training heart rate. ## Footnote Or no higher than 3 or 11 on PRE scales
27
What is the the heart rate target at the end of the warm up for those on Beta Blockers
10 beats below the the lower end of their target training heart rate ## Footnote Or no higher than 3 or 11 on PRE scales
28
Why is it suggested to limit the use of music during warm-up?
* Music can over-motivate participants * It prevents self-pacing * Competing for attention with the instructor's voice can hinder information absorption.
29
What should be included prior to starting the conditioning component?
A 're-warm' consisting of simple pulse-raising movements (2-3 minutes).
30
What is the recommended FITT for cardiac patients?
* Frequency = 3 times a week * Intensity = 40 - 70% HRR. RPE 11-14. CR10 2 -4 * Time = 20 - 60 mins * Type = large muscles, rhythmic manner
31
What does continuous training involve?
Uninterrupted activity, usually performed at a constant sub-maximal intensity.
32
What is an example of continuous training?
Going for a 2-mile walk at a relatively constant speed of 3 mph at steady RPE.
33
What does interval training entail?
Bouts of relatively more intense work interspersed with bouts of lighter activity or Active Recovery.
34
The safest way to progress an individuals aerobic endurance prescription initially is through added intensity. True or false?
False | Added duration as we are trying to build to 20 min continuous
35
What does Active Recovery (AR) involve?
Performing short-term lighter intensity activities in-between bouts of targeted conditioning exercises
36
What are the two key factors that determine the length of the AR period?
* Intensity and duration of the preceding bout of targeted conditioning exercise * Fitness level of the client
37
Why should toes be kept wriggling or feet moving during upper body AR exercises?
1. To encourage venous return 2. To prevent postural hypotension
38
What is one advantage of the interval approach to exercise?
A greater total volume of aerobic exercise may be achieved than with continuous exercise
39
Why is the interval approach beneficial for clients with low fitness levels?
It provides a greater stimulus for physiological adaptation
40
What is the eventual goal of exercise based on the FITT principle?
To achieve continuous aerobic exercise
41
What is the duration of the cool-down in the exercise programming?
10 minutes
42
What is the rationale for extended cool down?
To guard against 1. venous pooling and hypotension 2. Arrythmias Overall, to ensure the patient goes home with pre exercise levels of ciculating catcholamines and a normal heart rate (which takes longer in older adults) ## Footnote 1. Medication, age cause these 2. Circulating hi levels catecholamines
43
What is High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)?
A mode of exercise training that alternates between short bouts of high and low intensity exercise.
44
What intensity is often considered 'high intensity exercise'?
>85% peak power output or VO2max.
45
Is HIIT a safe method of exercise for patients with stable CAD and Chronic Heart Failure?
Yes.
46
How does HIIT compare to moderate intensity continuous exercise training in improving peak aerobic fitness?
HIIT can improve peak aerobic fitness to a greater extent.
47
When should floor work be done in the program?
After the cool down
48
What is the key point regarding an extended cool-down period?
Reduces risk of arrhythmias and hypotension.
49
What is Design A in aerobic training programmes?
Example of a non-equipment circuit ## Footnote Includes exercises that do not require any equipment.
50
List the CV Stations in Design A.
* CV Station A: Half Star * CV Station B: Hamstring curl * CV Station C: Knee raises * CV Station D: Backward Lunges * CV Station E: Shuttle walk ## Footnote Each station represents a different aerobic exercise.
51
What exercises are included in Design A?
* Bicep curls * Wall press ups or tricep kick backs * Seated low row * Upright row * Chest press ## Footnote These exercises target various muscle groups and can be performed without equipment.
52
What is Design D in aerobic training programmes?
Aerobic endurance training programme in a home-based setting ## Footnote Focuses on exercises that can be done at home without specialized equipment.
53
What is the focus of Design E?
Independent walking programme ## Footnote Emphasizes walking as a primary form of aerobic exercise.
54
What type of recovery area is mentioned in Design A?
Active Recovery Area (weights, resistance bands & chairs for seated row) ## Footnote Used for recovery between exercises in the circuit.
55
Fill in the blank: Design B utilizes _______.
[equipment] ## Footnote Refers to the use of equipment in aerobic training.
56
True or False: Design C includes a gym setting for aerobic endurance training.
True ## Footnote Design C is specifically tailored for a gym environment.
57
What do the uppercase letters 'ABCDE' represent in the circuit format?
Aerobic (CV) stations
58
What do the lowercase letters 'abcde' represent in the circuit format?
AR (aerobic resistance) stations
59
How long is each interval of aerobic activity during the class?
1 minute
60
What is the recommended number of repetitions to be completed at AR stations?
10-15 repetitions
61
What should participants do if they complete their repetitions before the time is called?
March on the spot
62
Which exercise is noted as being unable to be performed bilaterally?
Triceps kick back
63
What alternative exercises can participants perform if there is insufficient time for triceps kickbacks?
* Push-ups against a wall * Triceps dips using a chair against a wall
64
What is a key consideration for incorporating equipment in the circuit?
There may be more people at a station than equipment available
65
What should an instructor continuously do to ensure proper technique?
Monitor participants and correct poor technique
66
What should participants note during each bout of CV work?
Their rating of perceived exertion (RPE)
67
What is the total CV time for Level 1 participants?
12 minutes
68
What is the total AR time for Level 1 participants?
12 minutes
69
What is the CV to AR ratio for Level 2 participants?
1 CV:1 AR ratio
70
At which levels do the majority of participants perform?
* Level 2 * Level 3 * Level 4
71
What is the biggest progression in the amount of aerobic exercise performed?
Between Levels 1 & 2 and Levels 4 & 5
72
What is the recommended number of sets and repetitions for participants at levels other than Level 5?
At least 1 set of 10-15 repetitions
73
Why is it important for new clients to be familiarized with the circuit format?
To avoid confusion
74
Fill in the blank: Participants must remember how many consecutive CV stations they are expected to perform before going into the _______.
AR area
75
True or False: Participants at Level 5 are expected to perform their resistance training in the same session as CV.
False
76
What type of environment does the circuit design create among participants?
A sociable programme
77
What is the total CV time for Level 5 participants?
24 minutes
78
What is the layout format of the circuit described?
Alternates 6 aerobic (CV) stations and 6 AR stations
79
How long does each participant complete the aerobic exercise at the odd-numbered stations?
1 minute
80
What is the purpose of reducing the time spent in active recovery?
To progress to more continuous aerobic exercise
81
What is the role of the walk/jog around the perimeter?
To supplement the aerobic training
82
What is used as active recovery (AR) between the stations?
Walking up and down between the stations
83
What does Borg's RPE scale provide at every station?
Visible reference for exertion levels
84
What is the duration of the stations in the circuit design?
1 minute with the option to reduce AR to 30 seconds
85
What instruction does the instructor give at the start of each minute?
Calls 'Change'
86
What should those at the even-numbered stations do after 30 seconds?
Walk
87
How many times is the circuit completed?
Twice
88
What intensity should the walk be completed at?
The intensity of the CV stations
89
Fill in the blank: The circuit includes _____ aerobic stations and _____ AR stations.
6 aerobic stations and 6 AR stations
90
True or False: The aerobic stations are numbered with odd numbers.
True
91
List the first three aerobic stations in the circuit.
* Stationary Bicycle * Lateral Raises * Side step
92
List the first three AR stations in the circuit.
* Seated Low Row * Tricep Dip/Kickback * Upright Row
93
What is the total CV time for Level 1 in Design B?
12 minutes
94
What additional time is added for Level 2 in Design B?
30 seconds additional CV work
95
What is the total AR time for Level 3 in Design B?
24 minutes
96
How can additional graduations of progression be achieved?
By missing out every other AR station and replacing it with aerobic training through walking or jogging
97
What is the recommended duration for aerobic stations if numbers/equipment allow for all participants to start on an aerobic station?
2 minutes at odd numbers and 1 minute at even numbers
98
What is an alternative mode of AR for participants with orthopaedic limitations?
Walking
99
What is the layout structure of the circuit in Design B?
CV stations on one side and AR on the other
100
What should the instructor call halfway through the minute for Level 1 participants?
'Walk'
101
What can be done if calling the time after 30 seconds proves difficult?
Ask a second instructor to call after 30 seconds
102
How can the circuit of alternating CV and AR stations be arranged for easier movement?
As a 'clock' style circular circuit
103
What is one way to progress aerobic exercises without equipment?
Increase range of movement and/or add an appropriate arm movement
104
For the Half star / side tap exercise, how can it be progressed?
Increase range of movement and/or add an arm movement
105
How can the hamstring curl exercise be progressed?
Increase range of motion and/or add an arm movement
106
What progression can be made for knee raises?
Increase height of knee and/or add an arm movement
107
What is a way to progress the backward lunge exercise?
Increase range of motion and/or add an arm movement
108
What are the progression steps for the shuttle walk/jog?
* Walk * Fast walk * Walk in one direction and jog back * Gentle jog in both directions * Run
109
What is the purpose of increasing range of motion or adding arm movement in side stepping?
To enhance the effectiveness of the exercise.
110
How can squats be progressed?
By increasing range of motion and/or speed.
111
What should be considered when incorporating squats into a circuit?
The ability of the participant and how the exercise is performed.
112
What does performing 1 squat represent for someone who struggles to rise from a chair?
1 repetition maximum.
113
What muscle groups are challenged by performing 10-15 repetitions of squats?
* Quadriceps * Hamstrings * Gluteus maximus
114
What is the effect of performing squats rhythmically for a prolonged period?
It provides a stimulus to increased aerobic fitness.
115
Why is using squats as a recovery from an aerobic station generally inappropriate?
It engages the same muscle groups as the preceding aerobic exercise.
116
What must be adapted if squats are included as an aerobic exercise?
The depth and rate of the squat.
117
What is generally recommended for setting the rate of exercise in aerobic stations?
Set the rate and alter the resistance to elicit a heart rate response within the THRR.
118
What is the recommended stepping speed for increasing step height?
Between 18 and 24 cycles per minute.
119
What is the target revolutions per minute for a stationary cycle?
Between 50 to 55 revolutions per minute.
120
What is the target stroke rate for a rower?
Between 25 to 30 strokes per minute.
121
What is the recommended resistance and revolutions per minute for a stepping machine/cross trainer?
Increase resistance maintaining 50-60 revolutions per minute.
122
Describe the cycle for the astride step exercise.
1 foot up onto the step, 2nd foot up onto the step, 1st foot down onto the floor, 2nd foot down onto the floor.
123
What can be added to the astride step for added impact?
Stepping down from the step and jumping back up.
124
What should be increased in rebounder/mini trampette exercises?
Range of movement of legs and arms.
125
What is the progression for the upright row exercise?
Increase resistance using dumbbells, resistance bands, or body bar.
126
What equipment can be used to increase resistance in lateral raises?
Dumbbells or resistance bands.
127
What exercise involves increasing resistance using resistance bands and is performed seated?
Seated low row.
128
How can resistance be increased for the chest press exercise?
Using resistance bands.
129
What can be used to increase resistance for biceps curls?
Dumbbells, resistance bands, or body bar.
130
What alternative can be used to triceps kickbacks for increased resistance?
Triceps dips.
131
What is the starting position for a wall press-up to increase difficulty?
Feet further away from the wall.
132
What can be done to progress the effect on the pectoral muscle in wall press-ups?
Move hands further apart.
133
What does AET stand for in the context of training?
Aerobic Endurance Training
134
What is the initial total cardiovascular (CV) time achieved by the client in the example?
16 minutes
135
What was the average RPE for cardiovascular (CV) training in the early rehab phase?
13
136
What intensity target is set for cardiovascular (CV) training?
60-70% HRR / RPE 13-14
137
What is the total time for the warm-up in the training program?
15 minutes
138
How long should the graduated warm-up on treadmill/bike last?
6 minutes
139
What is the RPE target for the initial warm-up phase?
<11
140
How long is the cooldown phase in the training program?
10 minutes
141
What is the frequency of the training sessions recommended?
2-3 times per week
142
In Level 1, what is the duration of total CV in interval bouts?
4 minutes
143
What is the active recovery (AR) duration between intervals in Level 1?
1 minute
144
What is the total CV time in Level 2?
20 minutes
145
In Level 3, how long is each total CV interval bout?
6 minutes
146
What is the duration of AR between bouts in Level 3?
30 seconds
147
What is the unique feature of Level 4 training?
6 minutes CV at 65% THR with no AR
148
What principle should the resistance content follow according to the program?
FITT principle
149
What should be done after total CV work before the cooldown?
Add some resistance content
150
Fill in the blank: The final 10-minute graduated cool-down would end the session and include _______ stretches.
maintenance / developmental
151
True or False: The resistance training program must be completed on a different day from the aerobic endurance training.
False
152
What is the target RPE for the warm-up in the aerobic endurance training programme?
9-10
153
How long is the total CV time in the example programme?
20 mins
154
What is the average RPE for CV during Early Rehab?
13
155
What is the intensity target for CV in terms of HRR?
60-70% HRR
156
What are the two types of exercises included in the home-based programme?
* CV (Cardiovascular) * AR (Resistance)
157
What is the duration of the cool down in the exercise programme?
10 mins
158
Fill in the blank: The individual home-based programme adopts an _______ approach leading to continuous CV.
interval
159
What exercise corresponds to CV1 in the programme?
Walk forward/backwards
160
What exercise corresponds to AR1 in the programme?
Upright row with hand weights or water bottles
161
How many times is the circuit completed in the home-based programme?
Twice
162
What is the average RPE for AR during the programme?
11
163
What is the recommended resistance approach for AR in Level 2?
Resistance is increased as appropriate
164
What is the total AR time in Level 1 of the programme?
10 mins
165
In Level 3, what is the total CV time?
26 mins
166
True or False: The resistance training should be completed on a different day from the CV work.
False
167
What principle should the resistance content follow?
FITT principle
168
What is the total time for Level 5 of CV exercises?
28 mins
169
What type of movements are included in the AR exercises?
* Resistance exercises with hand weights or water bottles * Bodyweight exercises
170
Fill in the blank: The final 10-minute graduated cool down would then end the _______.
session
171
What is the purpose of the 'graduated pulse lowering' mentioned in the programme?
To gradually decrease heart rate after exercise
172
What is the recommended warm-up duration for the walking programme?
1 minute each of alternate heel lifts, side steps, heel digs, tap backs, side taps, followed by 10 minutes of leisurely walking
173
What is the target RPE (Rate of Perceived Exertion) for the leisurely walking pace?
9-11
174
What is the duration of the main workout in the walking programme?
20-30 minutes
175
What is the target RPE for brisk walking during the main workout?
12-14
176
What is the progression level for 2 minutes of brisk walking?
Level 1
177
How many minutes of brisk walking are prescribed in Level 6 of the progression?
30 minutes
178
What is the cool-down duration after the walking programme?
10 minutes
179
Which muscles should be stretched during the cool-down?
Calves, quads, and hamstrings
180
What are some methods to increase the intensity of walking?
* Increasing stride length * Adding an incline * Larger arm swing * Carrying a bag in each hand * Wearing a rucksack with weight
181
What are contraindications for resistance training?
Ischaemia on activities < 5 METS
182
What should be considered for safety in resistance training?
* Recovery from bypass surgery * Exercise technique * Muscle balance * Breathing pattern (avoid Valsalva manoeuvre) * Appropriate training for exercise professionals
183
What is the recommended warm-up duration for resistance training?
15 minutes
184
What specific techniques can be included in the warm-up for resistance training?
* Warm-up set of 10-15 repetitions at a light load * Specific joint mobilization exercises
185
What do the FITT principles for resistance training emphasize?
Inclusion of all major muscle groups to avoid muscle imbalances
186
What is the importance of including all major muscle groups in resistance training?
To avoid muscle imbalances which may lead to postural changes and muscle weakness
187
Fill in the blank: The warm-up for resistance training may include a warm-up set of _______ at a light load.
10-15 repetitions
188
What should be considered when starting a resistance training program for a client?
Start on the low end of the FITT table, such as 1 set per exercise and lower load/RPE ## Footnote Gradually increase sets and load as the client becomes fitter and stronger
189
What are the modes of resistance training?
* Body weight * Free weights * Fixed resistance machines * Portable equipment (e.g., resistance bands, kettlebells) ## Footnote Modes are flexible depending on availability
190
What is the recommended frequency for resistance training?
2-3 times per week on non-consecutive days ## Footnote This frequency helps in recovery and muscle adaptation
191
What is the recommended repetition range for resistance training exercises?
10-15 repetitions of each exercise without significant fatigue ## Footnote RPE should be 11-13 on a 6-20 scale or 40%-60% of 1RM
192
What is the recommended number of sets and exercises for resistance training?
1-3 sets; 8-10 different exercises focused on major muscle groups ## Footnote This structure promotes balanced muscle development
193
What should be selected for resistance training?
Equipment that is safe and comfortable for the individual to use ## Footnote Safety and comfort are crucial for compliance and effectiveness
194
What is the duration of the cool-down after resistance training?
The cool-down should last 10 minutes ## Footnote It should follow the same structure as for aerobic training
195
Does muscle stretching after exercise influence exercise-induced muscle damage (DOMS)?
No, muscle stretching performed after exercise does not influence DOMS levels ## Footnote However, repeated bouts of stretching during the days following exercise may reduce muscle stiffness
196
What should be done prior to commencing resistance exercises after aerobic training?
A 5-minute cool-down is required before commencing the resistance exercises ## Footnote This helps avoid issues such as hypotension, arrhythmias, and ischaemia
197
Can resistance training programs be standalone?
Yes, resistance training programs can be standalone or completed at the end of an aerobic exercise training program ## Footnote They can be designed for gym or home settings
198
What is the structure of an individualised resistance training (RT) programme?
1-3 sets of 10-15 reps covering 8-10 major muscle groups.
199
What is the target RPE after 10 reps in a resistance training programme?
12-13
200
What is the recommended duration for the concentric and eccentric phases per repetition?
1-2 seconds concentric, 3 seconds eccentric
201
What should be done if a participant can perform 15 reps in a resistance training exercise?
Increase volume by increasing resistance and progressively increase the number of sets.
202
What is the total warm-up duration recommended before resistance training?
15 minutes
203
What activities are included in the warm-up for resistance training?
10 mins graduated pulse raiser on bike, plus mobilisation progressively increasing ROM and 10-15 reps of lighter weights preceding each exercise.
204
List four exercises included in the resistance training programme.
* Chest press * Leg press * Triceps extension * Hip abduction
205
How many sets and reps are recommended for the deadlift with kettlebell?
1 set of 10-15 reps
206
What is the RPE for the first set of the lateral raise exercise?
12
207
How many reps and sets are recommended for biceps curl at RPE 12-13?
1 set of 10-15 reps
208
What is the cool-down duration recommended after resistance training?
10 minutes
209
What activities are included in the cool-down for resistance training?
Graduated pulse lowering movements and final maintenance or developmental stretches.
210
Fill in the blank: If a participant can perform 15 reps, they should _______.
increase volume by increasing resistance
211
True or False: The resistance training programme includes exercises for all major muscle groups.
True
212
What is the recommended RPE for 2 sets in the resistance training programme?
12-13
213
What is the progression level for resistance training from 1 set to 3 sets?
Increase from 1 set of 10-15 reps at RPE 12 to 3 sets of 10-15 reps at RPE 13.
214
List two exercises that require 2 sets of 10-15 reps at RPE 12-13.
* Lat pull down * Lateral raise
215
What are the key components of a resistance training programme warm-up?
* Graduated pulse raiser * Mobilisation increasing ROM * Lighter weights preceding exercises
216
What is the focus of an individual Home Resistance training (RT) programme?
An individualised plan based on client's need and goals.
217
What is the recommended number of sets and reps for major muscle groups in a home RT programme?
1-3 sets of 10-15 reps.
218
What is the target Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) after 10 reps?
12-13.
219
What should the tempo be for each repetition during the exercise?
1-2 second concentric, 3 second eccentric.
220
What should a participant do if they can perform 15 reps?
Increase volume by increasing resistance or number of sets.
221
What is the recommended warm-up duration for a home RT programme?
Total 15 minutes.
222
What activities are included in the warm-up?
* 10 mins graduated pulse raising movements * Mobilisation progressively increasing ROM * 10-15 reps of lighter weights preceding each exercise.
223
What is the RPE for the Wall press or Chest Press exercise?
RPE 13.
224
What is the RPE for the Sit to stand or Squats exercise?
RPE 12.
225
What equipment can be used for Triceps extension in the home RT programme?
Hand weights or filled water bottles.
226
What is the RPE for the Hip Abduction exercise?
RPE 12.
227
What is the RPE for the Lateral raise exercise?
RPE 12.
228
What is the RPE for the Bent over row exercise?
RPE 12.
229
What is the RPE for the Biceps curl exercise?
RPE 12.
230
What is the RPE for the Upright row exercise?
RPE 12.
231
What is the recommended cool-down duration for a home RT programme?
10 mins.
232
What should the cool-down consist of?
* Graduated pulse lowering movements * Final maintenance/developmental stretches.
233
Fill in the blank: If a participant can perform 15 reps, they should _______.
[increase volume by increasing resistance or number of sets]
234
Why is incorporating balance exercises important for clients?
To reduce the risk of falls and improve confidence and function.
235
What is a basic example of a balance exercise?
Stepping on a trampette while holding the handrail.
236
What are the FITT principles for flexibility training?
* Frequency: 2-3 days per week, daily being most effective * Intensity: To the point of feeling tightness or slight discomfort * Time: 10-30 seconds hold, 4 repetitions of each exercise * Type: Static and dynamic stretching focused on major joints and lower back.
237
What is adaptive shortening?
Muscles becoming less flexible due to age, inactivity, or poor posture.
238
Why are PNF stretches generally not appropriate for patients with coronary heart disease?
The isometric contraction involved leads to increased blood pressure.
239
What is the recommended exercise frequency for individuals with coronary heart disease who have graduated from Phase III programmes?
At least three times per week.
240
What is the target duration for exercise sessions for these individuals?
20-60 minutes.
241
What percentage of HRmax is recommended for exercise intensity in this population?
60-80% of HRmax.
242
What should be recorded on the information sheet when a patient transfers to the exercise programme?
The training heart rate or rating of perceived exertion established during Phase III.
243
What signs and symptoms should be monitored to determine appropriate response to exercise?
* Excessive breathlessness * Loss of quality of movement * Skin colour * Sweat rate.
244
What is considered the 'gold standard' for determining target heart rate?
Performing a graded and maximal exercise test.
245
What is the estimated heart rate threshold for exercise based on %HRR?
Between 40% and 70% of heart rate reserve.
246
Fill in the blank: Developmental stretches should be introduced for muscles that are subject to _______.
adaptive shortening.
247
What is the formula used to estimate maximum heart rate for individuals over 45 years?
206 - (0.7 x age)
248
What is the formula used to estimate maximum heart rate for individuals under 45 years?
220 - age
249
What is the error range for estimated maximum heart rate?
As much as 20 bpm above or below the estimate
250
If a 70-year-old man has an estimated HRmax of 157 bpm, what could his actual maximum heart rate be?
As low as 146 bpm or as high as 168 bpm
251
True or False: Individuals on B-blockers may have increased resting and maximum heart rates.
False
252
What is the typical expected reduction in maximum heart rate for patients on B-blockers or Ivabradine?
20-30 bpm
253
How is the Target Heart Rate (THR) established according to BACPR?
Using the heart rate reserve (HRR) method
254
What does the heart rate reserve (HRR) method take into account?
The difference between maximum heart rate (HRmax) and resting heart rate (RHR)
255
What is the typical range for anaerobic ventilatory lactate threshold?
40-70% HRR
256
How do less active individuals compare to more active individuals regarding the anaerobic threshold?
Less active individuals will be at the lower end of the threshold range
257
Fill in the blank: HRR = HRmax - _______.
RHR
258
How do you calculate the 40% HRR?
(HRR x 0.4) + RHR
259
How do you calculate the 70% HRR?
(HRR x 0.7) + RHR
260
What is the age-adjusted HRmax formula for a 65-year-old individual?
206 - (0.7 x 65) = 160 bpm
261
What is the THRR for a 65-year-old with a resting heart rate of 75 bpm?
109 - 135 bpm
262
Calculate HRmax for a 70-year-old on beta blockers.
206 - (0.7 x 70) - 30 = 127 bpm
263
What is the THRR for a 70-year-old with an RHR of 65 bpm on beta blockers?
90 - 108 bpm
264
Calculate HRmax for a 44-year-old individual.
220 - 44 = 176 bpm
265
What is the THRR for a 44-year-old with an RHR of 75 bpm?
115 - 146 bpm
266
How do you calculate HRmax?
HRmax = 220 - age
267
What is the HRmax for a 44-year-old on beta blockers?
HRmax = 176 - 30 = 146
268
What is the formula for calculating HRR?
HRR = HRmax - Resting HR
269
What is the HRR for a 44-year-old with a resting HR of 60?
HRR = 146 - 60 = 86
270
How do you calculate training intensity at 40% HRR?
(HRR x 0.4) + RHR = 40% HRR
271
What is the 40% training intensity for a HRR of 86 and resting HR of 60?
40%: (86 x 0.4 = 34) + 60 = 94 bpm
272
How do you calculate training intensity at 70% HRR?
(HRR x 0.7) + RHR = 70% HRR
273
What is the 70% training intensity for a HRR of 86 and resting HR of 60?
70%: (86 x 0.7 = 60) + 60 = 120 bpm
274
What is the THHR range for the given example?
THHR = 94 - 120 bpm
275
What does RPE stand for in exercise programming?
Rating of Perceived Exertion
276
Who devised the RPE scales?
Professor Gunnar Borg
277
What is the RPE (6-20) scale primarily developed for?
Whole body aerobic exercise
278
What does the CR10 scale focus on?
Differentiated or localised sensations of strain, exertion, or pain
279
True or False: The scales are valid and reproducible indicators of exercise intensity.
True
280
What invalidates the use of RPE scales?
Altering the scales or not following instructions
281
What should clients understand about RPE?
They should grasp the concept of sensing exercise responses
282
Fill in the blank: The intensity at which a client works should be initially determined by _______.
[heart rate or MET level]
283
What should clients be exposed to in order to understand RPE scales?
Differing levels of intensity
284
What should clients consider when using the RPE scale?
Both the verbal descriptor and the numerical value
285
What should clients do during aerobic exercise when using RPE?
Pool all sensations to give one rating
286
What is a key point to confirm to clients regarding RPE?
There is no right or wrong answer; it is based on their perception
287
What is a situation where clients may not reflect their sensations accurately?
When they have a preconceived idea about exertion level
288
Why should RPE scales be visible during activities?
To ensure accurate ratings of effort
289
What does RPE stand for?
Rating of Perceived Exertion
290
How does the reliability of RPE relate to exercise intensity?
It relates to the client's ability to repeat the same exercise intensity at a given RPE on different days.
291
How can RPE be accurately measured?
By measuring RPE on the same circuit station or piece of equipment at a given heart rate or MET level on two or more occasions within a few days.
292
What is one way to establish the validity of RPE?
By getting the patient to provide an RPE for different levels of work rate during exercises.
293
True or False: A client who underestimates their RPE can be identified easily.
True
294
What RPE should participants report by the end of the warm-up period on the CR10 scale?
No higher than 3
295
Fill in the blank: A rating of 12-13 on the 6-20 scale corresponds to approximately ______ of heart rate reserve or VO2max.
60%
296
What does 1 MET represent in terms of oxygen consumption?
3.5 millilitres of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute
297
If an activity uses 14.0 ml kg min, how many METs is that?
4 METs
298
Why is knowledge of MET values important?
It helps to prescribe or exclude activities according to their known MET values.
299
What should be done if a client is at the top end of their training heart rate range when walking at 4 mph?
Activities like skipping or freestyle swimming should be excluded.
300
What type of activities permit little variation in individual execution?
Walking and cycling
301
What are some examples of 'free-moving' activities?
* Dancing * Skipping * Rebounding on a mini-trampoline
302
How can activities be modified to maintain a narrowly defined training heart rate range?
By altering speed or height and rate in activities like walking, jogging, or bench stepping.
303
What is the significance of monitoring intensity in exercise?
It helps to ensure clients are exercising within safe and effective intensity ranges.
304
What RPE rating corresponds to 85% of heart rate reserve or VO2max?
16 on the RPE scale
305
What does VO2max represent?
Maximal oxygen uptake ## Footnote VO2max is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense exercise.
306
What is the significance of METs max?
Maximal metabolic equivalents ## Footnote METs max indicate the highest level of energy expenditure during physical activity.
307
Define HRRmax.
Maximal heart rate reserve ## Footnote HRRmax is the difference between maximal heart rate and resting heart rate.
308
What percentage of HRmax corresponds to the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 19?
100% HRmax ## Footnote This indicates maximal exertion as per the Borg RPE scale.
309
What is the Borg RPE scale range?
6-20 ## Footnote The Borg RPE scale is a subjective measure of perceived exertion during physical activity.
310
What perceived exertion descriptor corresponds to an RPE of 11?
Light ## Footnote This descriptor indicates a low level of exertion.
311
Fill in the blank: %HRmax equivalents to %VO2max or %HRRmax will only hold true for individuals aged _______.
35 to 50 years ## Footnote This age range is critical for the accuracy of these equivalencies.
312
What is the Borg RPE CR10 scale range?
0-10 ## Footnote The CR10 scale is a simplified version of the RPE scale for ease of use.
313
What is the perceived exertion descriptor for an RPE of 15?
Hard ## Footnote This indicates a high level of exertion during exercise.
314
List the descriptors for the Borg RPE scale from very light to maximal exertion.
* Very light * Light * Somewhat hard * Hard * Maximal ## Footnote These descriptors help categorize levels of perceived exertion.
315
What heart rate range is specified for the resting HR in the context of %HRmax equivalency?
65 to 75 bpm ## Footnote This resting heart rate range is important for accurate exercise programming.
316
What RPE corresponds to a perceived exertion level of 13-14?
Somewhat hard ## Footnote This indicates a moderate level of exertion.
317
What is the RPE for a perceived exertion descriptor of 'somewhat hard'?
12-13 ## Footnote This level reflects a moderate challenge during exercise.
318
What is the range for perceived exertion descriptor 'hard' on the Borg RPE scale?
15-16 ## Footnote This indicates a significantly challenging level of exercise.
319
What Borg RPE value corresponds to 'very light' exertion?
9 ## Footnote This indicates minimal physical exertion.
320
What was reported as the number one fitness trend by the ACSM worldwide survey?
Wearable technology ## Footnote This trend has surpassed previous trends such as online and virtual training.
321
What percentage of the UK population uses a smartphone?
83% ## Footnote This data is from the ONS, 2019.
322
What has contributed to the increased popularity of self-monitoring health-related behavior?
Availability and affordability of devices ## Footnote Over the past decade, these factors have made tracking health-related behaviors easier.
323
What are common methods of self-monitoring with technology?
Using an app on a smartphone or a body-sensor device ## Footnote These methods allow users to track their health-related behaviors effectively.
324
What is a significant benefit of 'on-body' devices?
They are likely to be with the user throughout the day ## Footnote This increases the likelihood of consistent monitoring.
325
How do smartphones promote health?
Through features like GPS, Wi-Fi, pedometers, and accelerometers ## Footnote These features create a technological environment conducive to physical activity interventions.
326
What is essential for effective self-monitoring?
Comprehensive support and exercise guidance ## Footnote This helps individuals adhere to the prescribed exercise regimen.
327
What should be considered when deciding on a self-monitoring device?
Device differences, affordability, and digital inclusivity ## Footnote These factors influence the appropriateness of a device for an individual.
328
What type of activity monitoring devices have been primarily developed?
Devices to measure aerobic activity ## Footnote There is less focus on strength and resistance activity monitoring.
329
What opportunity do wearable activity trackers provide?
Increase physical activity through continuous monitoring ## Footnote They can be particularly effective for individuals in the cardiac population.
330
True or False: Maintenance with the use of trackers is always sustained.
False ## Footnote Ongoing support and motivation may still be required for long-term behavior change.
331
Fill in the blank: The practice of tracking health-related behavior is becoming increasingly popular, particularly in _______.
Physical activity ## Footnote This trend is notable due to the rise of self-monitoring technologies.
332
What is the importance of regular exercise and physical activity after discharge from a Core/Phase III cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation programme?
It is important as a lifelong healthy lifestyle behaviour.
333
What are the benefits of attending supervised group or one-to-one sessions after discharge?
They provide support and guidance for maintaining exercise.
334
What is one of the criteria for assessing suitability to exercise in a community setting?
Being clinically stable.
335
What does being clinically stable mean?
No change in symptoms or significant change in medication in the preceding month.
336
What is the required intensity level for activities in a community setting?
40%-70% HRR or RPE Borg scales 11-14 or 2-4.
337
What is required from patients regarding self-monitoring?
Showing a commitment to self-monitor and regulate the intensity of their activity.
338
How long may patients stay with a qualified BACPR Specialist Exercise Instructor?
Approximately 12 weeks.
339
What information does the transfer form include?
BACPR Protocol for Transition from Core/Phase III to Long Term Exercise/Phase IV.
340
What should be documented on the transfer form?
The patient's verbal consent, cardiovascular rehab professional's name, and signature.
341
What are some reasons not to refer a patient to long-term exercise?
* Awaiting urgent or emergency cardiology treatment * Absolute exercise contraindication
342
Name two absolute exercise contraindications.
* Ongoing unstable angina * Active endocarditis
343
What must the BACPR Specialist Exercise Instructor do with the transfer form?
Read the form and prescribe a safe and effective exercise prescription.
344
What should happen if there has been a new cardiovascular event reported since completing the transfer form?
The exercise prescription will not be carried out.
345
What is needed for communication between core and long-term exercise programmes?
A clear two-way communication pathway with a named contact and contact details.
346
Fill in the blank: The patient's personalized goals should be included in the _______.
transfer form.
347
What should the secondary prevention plan include?
Other risk factors.
348
What must be documented regarding complications after a cardiovascular event?
Subsequent complications and/or interventions.
349
True or False: Patients with decompensated heart failure can be referred for long-term exercise.
False.
350
What is the role of the BACPR Specialist Exercise Instructor in the transition process?
To prescribe a safe and effective exercise prescription based on the transfer form.
351
What document is completed for referral in Core/Phase III Cardiac Rehabilitation?
BACPR Transfer Form (T)
352
How long is the BACPR Transfer Form (T) valid after discharge?
3 months
353
What is the first step in an Immediate Transfer process?
Email TF to local BACPR Specialist Exercise Instructor
354
Who prescribes and supervises the initial assessment and exercise sessions in BACPR Long-Term Exercise?
BACPR Specialist Exercise Instructor
355
What should be checked if more than 3 months have elapsed since the TF was completed?
If the patient still meets referral criteria
356
What is the referral to Primary Care warranted for?
Identified criteria such as deteriorating exercise performance or worsening angina
357
What symptoms indicate a need for referral to Primary Care?
* Deteriorating exercise performance * Worsening of angina * Worsening of other symptoms (e.g., suspected arrhythmias)
358
What is the referral process if a patient has a further cardiac event?
Referral to Core / Phase III for assessment
359
What may patients be suitable for transfer if they have undergone?
Functional assessment and personalised risk factor management
360
Fill in the blank: The BACPR Transfer Form (T) must be emailed to the local _______.
BACPR Specialist Exercise Instructor
361
True or False: Patients must complete a full Core CR exercise programme to be eligible for transfer.
False
362
What does MET stand for?
Metabolic Equivalent of Task ## Footnote MET is a unit that estimates the amount of oxygen consumed during physical activities.
363
What is the MET value for bathing?
2.0 ## Footnote This indicates the energy cost in terms of oxygen consumption for the activity.
364
List three household activities with their MET values.
* Dressing/undressing: 2.5 * Ironing: 2.5 * Using a vacuum cleaner: 2.5-4.0
365
What is the MET value for general cycling?
4.0-9.0+ ## Footnote The MET value varies depending on the intensity of cycling.
366
Fill in the blank: One MET equals ______.
oxygen consumption at rest which is about 3.5 millilitres of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute.
367
What activity has a MET value of 9.0?
Swimming ## Footnote This indicates a high level of energy expenditure during the activity.
368
True or False: Walking at 4 mph has a MET value of 4.0.
True
369
What is the MET value range for shoveling snow?
4.0-9.0+
370
List two leisure activities with their MET values.
* Tennis: 5.5 * Squash: 9.0
371
What does a MET value of 2.5 indicate?
Oxygen consumption at 2.5 times the resting rate.
372
What is the MET value for social dancing?
4.0-5.0
373
Fill in the blank: An individual exercising at 2 METs is consuming oxygen at ______.
twice the resting rate.
374
What is the MET value for mowing with a power mower?
4.0-9.0+
375
List three activities categorized as leisure activities.
* Golf (carrying clubs) * Aerobic dancing * Swimming
376
What is the MET value for walking at 3.5 mph?
3.5
377
True or False: Raking has a MET value of 3.0-4.5.
True
378
What is the MET value for skipping at 120-140 skips per minute?
6.0-9.0
379
What MET value indicates a very high level of physical activity?
>8.0-12.0+
380
What is one criterion for suitability to transfer from Phase III to Phase IV?
Clinically stable, meaning there has been no change in symptoms or significant change in medication during the preceding month ## Footnote This indicates that the patient has maintained a consistent health status, which is crucial for progression.
381
What intensity range of activities must an individual be able to sustain to qualify for transfer?
Moderate intensity within the target range of 40-70% HRR or at an RPE Borg scale of 11-14 or 2-4 ## Footnote HRR stands for Heart Rate Reserve, and RPE stands for Rate of Perceived Exertion.
382
What is the importance of Physical Activity Advice?
Reassure about safety and benefits ## Footnote This helps to alleviate concerns and encourages participation in physical activity.
383
What is a suggested starting point for exercise programs?
Start @ home on waking program ## Footnote This allows for a comfortable and familiar environment to begin physical activity.
384
What is included in the Structured Exercise Component?
Comprehensive assessment & induction ## Footnote This ensures participants are aware of their exercise plan and its implications.
385
What does SHARE changes refer to in an exercise program?
It's a contract ## Footnote This emphasizes the commitment between the participant and the program.
386
What should be identified before starting an exercise program?
Identify any contraindications to exercise ## Footnote Examples include tachycardia and musculoskeletal conditions.
387
What is the purpose of on-going screening at the start of each session?
To ensure safety and appropriateness of the exercise ## Footnote This helps monitor any changes in the participant’s health status.
388
Fill in the blank: A comprehensive assessment & induction is part of the _______ exercise component.
[Structured]
389
What does risk stratification involve?
Risk stratification involves the following: * Current clinical / cardiac status * Investigations / results * Lipid profile, blood glucose and HbA1c levels BMI * Medication - compliance? * Psychological status - anxiety? - agrophobia? * Functional capacity assessment eg Exercise Tolerance Tests * Calculation of TRAINING Heart Rate * Physical limitations eg hip replacement * Personal goals - what do they like & want. * Habitual activity * Habits to twin with new regimes to make them stick ## Footnote These elements help in assessing an individual's risk for cardiac events.
390
What is included in the lipid profile during risk stratification?
The lipid profile includes cholesterol levels and triglycerides. ## Footnote It is essential for assessing cardiovascular risk.
391
Fill in the blank: Medication _______ is a factor in risk stratification.
compliance
392
What psychological statuses are considered in risk stratification?
Anxiety and agoraphobia ## Footnote These can impact a patient's ability to engage in physical activity.
393
What is a functional capacity assessment?
It evaluates a person's ability to perform physical activities, often using Exercise Tolerance Tests. ## Footnote This assessment helps determine safe exercise levels.
394
True or False: Personal goals are not considered in risk stratification.
False
395
What is the purpose of calculating TRAINING Heart Rate?
To determine the appropriate intensity of exercise for training. ## Footnote This helps ensure safety and effectiveness in exercise programs.
396
What are examples of physical limitations considered in risk stratification?
Hip replacement and other similar conditions. ## Footnote These limitations affect exercise options and safety.
397
Fill in the blank: Habitual activity is assessed to understand a patient's _______.
baseline activity level
398
What does BACPR stand for?
British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation ## Footnote This organization provides guidelines for cardiac rehabilitation.
399
What is the significance of education in the context of risk stratification?
Education is vital for informing patients about their conditions and promoting adherence to rehabilitation programs. ## Footnote It helps empower patients in managing their health.
400
What does ISWT stand for?
Incremental Shuttle Walk test
401
What does 6MWT stand for?
6 minute walk test
402
What does CST stand for?
Chester Step test
403
What is the name of the exercise test that involves cycling?
Incremental cycle ergometry
404
What measurements are taken during submaximal tests?
HR, RPE, time to completion, stage/level attained ## Footnote HR stands for heart rate, and RPE stands for rating of perceived exertion.
405
What are the uses of submaximal tests?
* Set exercise prescription * Predict aerobic capacity * Assess changes over time - outcome measure ## Footnote Submaximal tests provide valuable insights into an individual's fitness level and progress.
406
True or False: The results of submaximal tests are used in risk stratification.
False ## Footnote Submaximal test results are not utilized for risk stratification.
407
What does the 'F' in the FITT principle stand for?
Frequency ## Footnote Refers to how often exercise is performed.
408
What is the recommended frequency for exercise according to the FITT principle?
3+ times weekly ## Footnote Example: 2 classes and 1 home circuit.
409
What does the 'I' in the FITT principle represent?
Intensity ## Footnote Refers to the level of effort put into the exercise.
410
What factors determine exercise intensity?
Assessment findings, HRR, VO2max, METmax ## Footnote These metrics help to gauge the exercise intensity.
411
What is the recommended intensity range for exercise in the FITT principle?
40-70% HRRmax ## Footnote HRRmax refers to maximum heart rate reserve.
412
How is perceived exertion measured in the FITT principle?
Using the Borg scale ## Footnote RPE 2-4 (CR 0-10) and RPE 11-14.
413
What does the 'T' in the FITT principle stand for?
Time ## Footnote Refers to the duration of the exercise session.
414
What is the recommended duration for the conditioning phase of exercise?
20-30 minutes ## Footnote This duration is in addition to warm-up and cool-down.
415
What does the second 'T' in the FITT principle represent?
Type ## Footnote Refers to the kind of exercise performed.
416
What is recommended for the type of exercise in the FITT principle?
Aerobic activities ## Footnote Such as walking, running, cycling, or circuit training.
417
What is the primary message of the BACPR education guidelines?
'Keep active' message ## Footnote Encourages regular physical activity beyond structured exercise.
418
What type of recommendations are included in the BACPR guidelines?
Strength-related recommendations ## Footnote These complement aerobic exercise guidelines.
419
What is the overall aim for exercise prescription?
3 times per week
420
What is the purpose of the warm-up phase in exercise prescription?
Vessel dilation
421
How long should the warm-up phase last?
15 minutes
422
What heart rate should the warm-up phase aim to be within?
20 beats of training HR
423
How long should the conditioning phase last?
20-30 minutes
424
What is the primary focus of the conditioning phase?
CV endurance
425
What percentage of HRR max should the conditioning phase target?
40 - 70% HRR max
426
What is the recommended duration for the cool down phase?
10 minutes
427
What heart rate range should the cool down phase aim for?
Within 10 beats of pre-exercise HR
428
What type of incidents may occur during the cool down phase?
Cardiac arrhythmia
429
What are some modes through which exercise prescription can be achieved?
* Structured class * Structured 1 to 1 * Structured home programme * Structured physical activities
430
What percentage of UK programmes were group based pre-covid?
80% ## Footnote This statistic highlights the prevalence of group-based programmes in the UK fitness landscape before the pandemic.
431
What types of designs were used in UK programmes pre-covid?
Circuit or gym designs ## Footnote These designs focus on structured, sequential activities that promote fitness.
432
What are the key components mentioned in the Conditioning Component?
* Monitoring * Progression * Safety ## Footnote These components are essential for effective fitness programming.
433
What is the recommended frequency for strength training and resistance exercise?
2 - 3 times per week ## Footnote No more than every other day
434
What percentage of 1 Rep Max should be used for initial strength training?
40-60% of 1 Rep Max ## Footnote Initially starting lower if unaccustomed
435
What is the progression goal for the percentage of 1 Rep Max after good technique is achieved?
Up to 80% of 1 Rep Max ## Footnote Once good technique / no adverse symptoms are present
436
What is the minimum number of sets and repetitions to start with in strength training?
1 - 3 sets minimum of initially 10 - 15 reps ## Footnote With no significant fatigue
437
How should strength training be progressed for strength?
Increase weight/reduce reps down to 10 (8 minimum) ## Footnote This is part of the progression strategy
438
How should strength training be progressed for endurance?
Increase weight but maintain 15 - 20 reps ## Footnote This is part of the progression strategy
439
How many different muscle groups should be targeted in a strength training session?
8 to 10 different muscle groups ## Footnote This ensures a comprehensive training approach
440
What is the purpose of home exercise in supervised exercise sessions?
To support the supervised exercise sessions ## Footnote Home exercise is designed to enhance the effectiveness of supervised training.
441
What is a home exercise record?
A record to track home exercise activities ## Footnote This record helps in monitoring progress and adherence to the exercise plan.
442
What does the daily walking refer to in physical activity guidelines?
A recommended form of physical activity ## Footnote Daily walking is often suggested to meet physical activity requirements.
443
What is one criterion for transferring from Phase III to Phase IV?
Clinically stable, meaning there has been no change in symptoms or significant change in medication during the preceding month ## Footnote This stability is crucial for ensuring safety during increased activity levels.
444
What is the target heart rate range for sustaining moderate intensity activities?
40 - 70% HRR ## Footnote HRR stands for Heart Rate Reserve, which is the difference between resting and maximum heart rate.
445
What is the RPG Borg scale range indicating moderate intensity?
11-14 or 2-4 ## Footnote The Borg scale is a subjective measure of perceived exertion.
446
What commitment should individuals ideally show before transferring to Phase IV?
Commitment to monitor and regulate the intensity of their activity ## Footnote This commitment ensures individuals can safely engage in higher levels of physical activity.
447
What is Risk Stratification?
The process of determining the level of risk of a patient having a further cardiac event whilst exercising ## Footnote Risk Stratification is crucial for tailoring exercise programs for patients.
448
What criteria are used in Risk Stratification?
* cardiac history * current cardiac status ## Footnote These criteria help assess the individual's risk level during exercise.
449
What are the three Risk Status categories?
* High * Moderate * Low ## Footnote Each category indicates the level of risk associated with exercise for the patient.
450
True or False: Risk Stratification and risk factors are the same.
False ## Footnote Risk factors are used to predict the likelihood of disease progression, not exercise risk.
451
Fill in the blank: Risk Stratification is used to determine the level of risk of a patient having a further cardiac event whilst _______.
[exercising] ## Footnote This emphasizes the context in which Risk Stratification is applied.
452
What does risk stratification determine?
Clients' individual risk of further cardiac events during exercise ## Footnote This includes assessing factors that affect the likelihood of adverse events during physical activity.
453
What is the recommended patient-to-staff ratio during exercise?
1:3 staff to patient ratio ## Footnote This ratio helps ensure adequate supervision and monitoring during exercise.
454
What aspects are influenced by risk stratification?
* Exercise prescription * Exercise intensity * Level of monitoring & supervision ## Footnote These factors are tailored to the individual based on their risk profile.
455
What does risk stratification help identify regarding clients?
* Who needs more attention * Who is more at risk when exercising * Who should we worry about more than others ## Footnote This identification is crucial for prioritizing care and resources.
456
What approach does risk stratification facilitate?
An individual approach rather than 'one size fits all' ## Footnote This allows for personalized exercise plans based on specific risk factors.
457
What are the complications associated with exercise following myocardial infarction or revascularisation?
Complications include heart failure and post-event ischaemia or angina.
458
What is the definition of poor Left Ventricular Function (LVF)?
V EF <35% indicates poor LVF (or severely impaired).
459
What does a V EF of 35-49% indicate?
Moderate Left Ventricular Failure (or mildly impaired).
460
What is residual ischaemia?
Ongoing angina symptoms or silent ischaemia indicated by ST V down on ECG during exercise or in recovery if known.
461
What type of arrhythmias are of concern in risk stratification?
Ventricular arrhythmias (NOT atrial).
462
What history is significant for ventricular arrhythmias?
History of complex ventricular arrhythmias, implanted ICD, or survivor of cardiac arrest.
463
What is the significance of maximal functional capacity in METS?
Maximal Functional Capacity less than 7 METS indicates risk levels.
464
What risk levels are associated with <5 METs and <3 METs?
<5 METs indicates moderate risk and <3 METs indicates high risk.
465
What does clinically significant depression on medication indicate in risk stratification?
It is a factor in risk assessment for exercise.
466
What are the criteria that increase risk when exercising?
Complicated Event, Reduced Left Ventricular Function, Residual Ischaemia Symptoms, Serious Arrhythmias, Other ## Footnote These criteria are used to assess risk during exercise for individuals with cardiac conditions.
467
What constitutes a complicated event in risk stratification?
Heart failure, Post event/procedure ischaemia/angina ## Footnote These events indicate significant cardiac issues that can elevate risk during exercise.
468
What is considered poor left ventricular function (LVF)?
EF <35% ## Footnote An ejection fraction (EF) below 35% indicates severely impaired function of the left ventricle.
469
What is the range for moderate left ventricular function (LVF)?
EF 35-49% ## Footnote This range indicates a moderate level of impairment in left ventricular function.
470
What are residual ischaemia symptoms during exercise?
Angina, Light-headedness, Dyspnoea, Silent Ischaemia ## Footnote These symptoms can occur at low workloads and indicate underlying cardiac issues.
471
What are serious arrhythmias that increase risk?
History of complex ventricular arrhythmias, Implanted ICD, History of cardiac arrest ## Footnote These factors significantly raise the risk of complications during exercise.
472
What is the significance of maximal functional capacity in risk stratification?
Less than 7 METS indicates increased risk ## Footnote METS (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) is a measure of exercise capacity and lower values suggest higher risk.
473
What does clinically significant depression on medication indicate in risk stratification?
Increased risk ## Footnote Mental health conditions can affect exercise tolerance and safety.
474
What is the risk classification if all criteria are marked 'N'?
Low risk ## Footnote This classification applies when none of the risk factors are present.
475
What is the risk classification if any criteria are marked 'Y' but no high-risk factors are present?
Moderate risk ## Footnote This indicates some risk factors are present but not at a level that categorizes as high risk.
476
What indicates high risk in the BACPR risk stratification tool?
Any ONE of the high-risk criteria marked 'Y' ## Footnote This includes factors such as angina at < 5 METS or significant ST segment changes.
477
What level of ST segment depression is associated with high risk?
≥ 2mm ST segment depression ## Footnote Significant ST segment changes during exercise testing are critical indicators of risk.
478
What METS value indicates high risk associated with angina?
< 5 METS ## Footnote This indicates very limited exercise capacity and higher likelihood of cardiac events.
479
True or False: A history of cardiac arrest is a low-risk factor.
False ## Footnote A history of cardiac arrest significantly increases the risk during exercise.
480
What is the primary reason heart failure increases risk during exercise?
The ventricles are unable to maintain a good cardiac output. ## Footnote This leads to inadequate blood supply to the body during physical activity.
481
How does ischaemia/angina immediately post event/procedure affect exercise risk?
Ischaemia can be a precursor to arrhythmias and indicates reduced blood supply to the myocardium. ## Footnote This is critical for assessing safety during exercise.
482
What does impairment in LV function indicate regarding cardiac output?
The myocardium is struggling to maintain cardiac output. ## Footnote The amount of impairment determines the level of risk.
483
What should be monitored during exercise for individuals with heart failure?
Symptoms and RPE (Rate of Perceived Exertion). ## Footnote This helps assess how they are coping with intensity.
484
What action should be taken if exercise intensity is too high for a patient?
Reduce workload. ## Footnote Monitoring symptoms and heart rate response is crucial.
485
What is the EF percentage range indicating poor left ventricular function?
EF <35% indicates poor LVF (severely impaired). ## Footnote This level of dysfunction poses a higher risk during exercise.
486
What EF range indicates moderate left ventricular function?
EF 35-49% indicates moderate LVF (moderately impaired). ## Footnote This requires careful monitoring during exercise.
487
What ongoing symptoms should be monitored during exercise?
Chest pain, light-headedness, dyspnoea at low workload. ## Footnote These symptoms can indicate worsening cardiac conditions.
488
How should increases in exercise duration and intensity be approached for patients with heart failure?
Increase should be gradual. ## Footnote This minimizes risk of exacerbating symptoms.
489
What does ongoing angina symptoms suggest about a patient's condition?
There is some residual disease (ischaemia) which may be controlled with medication. ## Footnote Ongoing monitoring is necessary to ensure stability.
490
What monitoring is required for patients with known silent ischaemia during exercise?
Monitor ST segments on ECG during exercise or in recovery. ## Footnote Silent ischaemia is common in diabetics.
491
What symptom should be watched for at low workloads as a sign of angina?
Breathlessness. ## Footnote It can indicate underlying cardiac issues.
492
What can increase risk and implications for prescription, monitoring, and management?
Criteria related to complex ventricular arrhythmia history ## Footnote Includes history at rest or during exercise
493
What types of arrhythmias might someone be at risk for?
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) and Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) ## Footnote These are types of potentially life-threatening arrhythmias
494
What device might be implanted in a patient with a history of arrhythmias?
Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) ## Footnote This device monitors and can correct arrhythmias
495
What should be monitored in patients with complex ventricular arrhythmia?
Heart Rate (HR) response and symptoms such as palpitations and dizziness ## Footnote Patients should report ICD activation for follow-up
496
What is a significant history that increases risk in patients?
History of cardiac arrest ## Footnote This indicates a previous critical cardiac event
497
What is the maximal functional capacity threshold that indicates increased risk?
Less than 7 METS ## Footnote METS refer to Metabolic Equivalent Tasks, a measure of exercise capacity
498
How does decreased fitness affect risk?
Increases risk of events ## Footnote Lower fitness levels correlate with higher health risks
499
What intensity should be maintained during exercise testing?
Below that achieved in functional test ## Footnote This helps to mitigate risk during exercise
500
What can certain medications cause in patients with arrhythmias?
Arrhythmias ## Footnote Some medications may have side effects that exacerbate arrhythmias
501
What action should be taken if a patient reports palpitations?
Refer back to GP and keep intensity down ## Footnote Ensures proper medical evaluation and adjustment of exercise intensity
502
What mental health condition is mentioned that can be treated with medications?
Clinically significant depression ## Footnote This condition can be managed with antidepressants
503
What is a key consideration regarding patient satisfaction in care planning for people with CHD?
Feel satisfied with their care? ## Footnote Patient satisfaction is critical in assessing the quality of care provided.
504
What aspect of healthcare professionals (HCP) is important in care and support planning?
HCP: respected and valued? ## Footnote Respect and value from HCPs can significantly impact patient engagement and adherence.
505
What is necessary for effective care planning in relation to patient information?
Had relevant information? ## Footnote Providing relevant information helps patients make informed decisions about their care.
506
What is a critical factor in ensuring patients feel involved in their care?
Feel listened to/involved? ## Footnote Active listening from healthcare providers fosters a collaborative care environment.
507
What does consistent care refer to in the context of care for people with CHD?
Get consistent/joined up care? ## Footnote Consistency in care enhances patient understanding and adherence to treatment plans.
508
What behavior is expected from patients regarding their treatment adherence?
Do what they are told? ## Footnote Following medical advice is crucial for achieving desired health outcomes.
509
What is a specific expectation regarding medication for patients?
Take tablets as prescribed? ## Footnote Adherence to prescribed medication regimens is essential for effective management of CHD.
510
What is an important outcome measure for patients with CHD?
Outcomes as good as they could be? ## Footnote Evaluating health outcomes is vital to assess the effectiveness of care and support provided.
511
What is the individual's perspective in the context of behavior change?
It emphasizes the personal viewpoint and experiences of individuals undergoing behavior change. ## Footnote This perspective is crucial for understanding how individuals interact with health services and manage their own care.
512
When was the Year of Care initiated?
August 2016. ## Footnote The Year of Care initiative focuses on providing personalized care and improving patient outcomes.
513
How many hours does a professional spend with the NHS in a year?
4 hours. ## Footnote This highlights the limited time professionals have for direct consultations compared to patients' self-care efforts.
514
What is the total number of hours an individual spends on self-care or management in a year?
8756 hours. ## Footnote This figure underscores the significant amount of time individuals invest in managing their own health.
515
Fill in the blank: The professional spends _______ hours with NHS in a year.
4 hours.
516
Fill in the blank: An individual spends _______ hours on self-care or management in a year.
8756 hours.
517
What percentage of people drop out of rehabilitation programmes within the first 6 months?
50%
518
What do effective BACPR Exercise Instructors need to do?
Support individuals throughout the process of change
519
What should BACPR Exercise Instructors understand?
Factors involved in behaviour change and maintenance
520
What can happen if behaviour change is approached incorrectly?
Push back from the individual ## Footnote Indicates resistance or refusal to change when methods are not suitable.
521
What certification does the instructor hold?
BACPR Exercise Instructor Training certificate ## Footnote Revalidation is required every 3 years.
522
What should instructors provide evidence of?
Continuing professional development
523
What basic life-support procedures should instructors be trained in?
Automated external defibrillator (AED)
524
What is the recommended floor space required for aerobic exercise per patient?
20-25 sq. ft (1.8-2.3 sq. m)
525
What is the required floor space per individual using equipment?
6 sq. ft (0.6 sq. m)
526
What should be documented regarding medical emergencies during exercise sessions?
Written emergency procedure
527
What is the recommended temperature range for the exercise room?
18 to 23C (65-72F) Too cold = vasoconstriction Too hot = heart working harder
528
What should be the humidity level in the exercise area?
65%
529
What should be accessible during exercise sessions?
A telephone
530
Who should be advised of the long-term exercise session times?
Paramedics
531
What should be available throughout the exercise session?
Drinking water
532
What determines the instructor/client ratio in group sessions?
Profile of class members and risk stratification
533
What should no client be allowed to do during the session?
Move or handle equipment other than during their personal exercise programme
534
What should staff ensure clients are before they leave?
Asymptomatic and within 10 bpm of pre-exercise heart rate
535
What should be circulated among all referrers?
Client referral criteria
536
What type of funding options are available for clients?
* Self-fund sessions on a pay-as-you-go basis * NHS/local council part or full funding * Fundraising by patient support groups
537
What must be assured regarding client records?
Confidentiality
538
What should incidents be?
Recorded
539
What should be allowed during the initial assessment?
One-to-one consultation
540
What must be used prior to each session?
Pre-class checklist stating conditions for participation
541
What should be offered regarding session access?
Fixed number of sessions or ongoing access
542
What should be documented for client transfer?
Agreed and documented pathways
543
What should be available for clients seeking advice?
Opportunity for re-entry to supervised programme or to seek advice from a BACPR instructor
544
Name two types of links that should be established.
* Local Phase III CPRP coordinators * Local GP practices
545
What should be included in the links established?
* Other Phase IV sessions * Local NHS trust * Smoking cessation clinics * Walking groups * Local authority leisure providers * Private health clubs * Physical activity specialists
546
What are the Priority Patient Groups as defined by NACR?
* Acute cardiac event * Awaiting or post revascularisation * Stable heart failure ## Footnote These groups are prioritized for specific healthcare interventions.
547
Which additional patient groups may be included beyond the Priority Patient Groups?
* Post ICD insertion * Stable angina * Post valve surgery * Post heart transplantation ## Footnote These groups may also require attention in cardiac care.
548
What is the main focus of Exercise Programming 2024?
To facilitate exercise programming for patients with specific cardiac conditions. ## Footnote The programming aims to enhance recovery and health outcomes.
549
True or False: Stable heart failure is considered a Priority Patient Group.
True ## Footnote It is one of the three main groups prioritized by NACR.
550
Fill in the blank: The acronym 'NACR' stands for _______.
[National Audit of Cardiac Rehabilitation] ## Footnote NACR focuses on improving cardiac rehabilitation services.
551
What are contraindications to exercise in a Phase IV setting?
* Unstable angina * Unstable or acute heart failure * Unstable diabetes * New or uncontrolled arrhythmias * Resting or uncontrolled tachycardia >100bpm * Resting SBP >180mmHg or resting DBP >100mmHg * Symptomatic hypotension * Febrile illness ## Footnote These conditions indicate that exercise may pose significant risk to the individual.

BACPR (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions