Cardiac Medication Flashcards by Debs Molwuka

Name 9 medications that could increase the risk of hypotension if there is rapid changes in posture or abrupt ceasation of exercise

Ace Inhibitors
Alpha blockers
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
ARNi
Beta Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
Nitrates
Potatssium Channel Activators
SGLT2 inhibitors

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What 3 comon drugs may cause aching legs?

Statins
Diuretics
Angiotensin Receptor-Nepriysin Inhibitors (ARNi)

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What drugs increase exercise capacity in individuals with heart failure?

Ace Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

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Name another drug that increases exercise tolerance

Nitrates

One the ischaemic threashold is improved

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What drugs decrease exercise tolerance?

ARNi - Amiodarone

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What drugs might cause tachycardia?

Potassium Channel Activators
Type 2 Calcium Channel blockers

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What drugs might cause bradychardia?

Beta Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers (response to exercise in Verapamil and Dilitazem)
ARNi’s: Amiodarone and Digoxin
Sinus Node Inhibitors

ARNi are given for atrial fib, fkutter and vetricular arrhythmias

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Patients taking Beta Blockers or Ivabradine (a Sinus Node Inhibitor) should expect their extimated max HR to be how much lower than those not on the drug?

20 - 30 bpm lower

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Patients on which drugs should pay special attention to remaining fully hydrated, especially in hot weather?

Diuretics
SGLT2 inhibitors

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What effect does dehydration have on blood pressure?

Hypotension

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Which medications can tend to make patients feel tired or fatigue?

Alpha Blockers
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Beta Blockers
Diuretics

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Which drugs will have feeling faint or dizzy as a potential side effect?

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Anti-anginal anti-ischaemic Agent
Beta Blockers
Nitrates
Potassium Channel Activators
Sinus Node Inhibitors
SGLT2 Inhibitors

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What medications potentially cause palipitations?

Alpha blockers

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What considerations are there for BACPR instructors prescribing exercise for those on anti-coagulants such as Wafarin

Haoemorrhage could occur as a result of cutting or injury from equipment or falling

Vitamin K can reverse severe bleeding
There could be internal bleeding
They should not take Asparin

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What drug commonly causes breathing difficulties?

Ticagrelor (Anti Platelets)

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What are the potential side effects of taking Asparin?

GI bleeding or upset
Internal bleeding elsewhere
Bronchospasm

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What other drugs might cause GI disturbances (eg nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite)?

Lipid-lowering Drugs
Digoxin (Anti-arrhythmia)
Diuretics
Ivabradine (Sinus Node Inhibitor)
Alpha Blockers
Nitrates (=Nausea)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers cause taste disturbance

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What drug is used in the acute phase of an MI?

Asprin

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What does Aspirin do?

Reduces platelet stickiness
Helps to reduce clots forming in the arterial side of circulation

What is the difference between anti platelets and anti coagulants?

Anticoagulants interfere with the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver wheas anti platelet medication reduces the stickiness of platelets in the blood.

What is the standard drug therapy for post MI patients who are at increased risk of further MI and sudden cardiac death

Beta Blockers

What are the exercise implications for clients on beta blockers?

Training heart rate calculations take into account the bradycardic effect
Use RPE in addition to heart rate
Take care when rising from the floor (postural hypotension risk)

What two conditions are commonly treated with ACE Inhibitors and Diuretics

Hypertension and heart failure

What is the standard drug therapy
for all CVD patients and anyone at high risk of developing CAD or other vascular disease?

Lipid-Lowering Drugs

What do Statins do?

1. Reduce LDL 2. Reduce Total Cholesterol 3. Mildly increase HDL

What are the 4 types of Lipid Lowering Drugs

1. Statins 2. Ezetimibe 3. Fibrates 4. PCDK9 Inhibitors (new)

What is a well known Nitrate and what does it treat?

GTN Spray Treats Angina

How do Nitrates work?

Dilation of: 1. Coronary arteries 2. Great veins (reduction of preload) 3. Large arteries (decreases afterload & Myocardial work)

GTN spracy can be used to prevent angina PRIOR to exercise. T or F?

True

How do long-acting nitrates and GTN relieve angina?

Through vasodilation. Lower great vein volume reduces pre-load. Artery dilation reduces afterload -the resistance against which the heart has to contract. ## Footnote Increase supply and reduce demand

What other drug promotes dilation of the large coronary artery to reduce both preload and afterload (used to treat angina)?

Potassium Channel Activators

What is a consideration for men who are on Nitrates or Potassium Channel Activators?

There is a possible severe interaction with Viagra

What drug is standard for all patients with CVD?

Asprin

Which of the following are known to blunt heart rate response? a) Potassium channel activators b) Some types of calcium channel blockers c) ACE inhibitors d) Diuretics e) Beta Blockers

b) and e)

If a client on Ranolazine (and Anti-anginal, anti-ischemic Agent) feels dizzy or lightehead/ faint, what should you do?

Sit or lie down slowly. Afterwards, Sit up or stand slowly ## Footnote Alcohol, hot weather or fever as well as exercise can make the side effects worse

What meds cause headaches potentially?

Nitrates Potassium Channel Activators Sinus Node Inhibitors Statins Alphablockers

What drugs cause swollen legs?

Alpha blockers Calcium Channel Blockers (mildly)

What drugs are known for their dry annoying cough, metalic taste, allergic reactions (including lip and touge swelling and skin rash) as well as reduced kidney function?

Ace Inhibitors

What are the side effect of the Anti Arrhuthmia medication Amiodarone?

Photo Sensitivity Night Glare Nightmare Metalic Taste Thyroid Disorders

True or False? Digoxin can cause Ventricular Arrhythmias

True

Beta Blockers are designed to reduce sympathetic activity to alieviate high myocardial demand. What effect does this have on the body?

1. Reduces pulse 2. Reduces BP

Why should Beta Blockers not be stopped suddenly

There is a risk of rebound angina and potentially MI

What other 4 side effects might a person on Beta Blockers suffer from?

Airway constriction Cold fingers and toes Sleep disturbances / Nightmares Male Impotence

Why would a client be taking Calcium Channel Blockers?

To treat Angina, hypertension and Arrhythmias

Why would a client with heart failure be put on diuretics?

1. The increase in urine output rmoves salt and water from the circulation 2. dilates the arterioles 3. Reduced BP 4. Afterload reduced and therefore the work of the myocardium

Here is a list of side effects...Dizziness, hypoglycaemia; risk of katoacidosis in type 1 diabetics; passing urine; hypovolaemia; thrush; back pain; impaired renal function; hypotension and dehydration... to which drug group do they belong?

SGL2 Inhibitors