Risk Factors (exam 1)

Question 1

Non-modifiable risk factors (5

)

Answer 1

1. Age
2. Race
3. Gender
4. Post-menopausal women
5. Family Hx

Question 2

Age Risk Factor

Answer 2

Males >45 yrs

Females >55 yrs (or premature menopause)

Question 3

Race Risk Factor

Answer 3

African Americans have increased risk for HTN

Question 4

Gender

Answer 4

Women lag 10 yrs behind men (7yrs if f A.A.)

women less likely to surive event (atypical symptoms)
more risk factors in general (obesity, inactivity, diabetes)

Question 5

Post-menopausal women risk factor

Answer 5

can cause worsening of other modifiable RFs

HDL directly related to estrogen and inversely related to progesterone

Question 6

Family Hx RF

Answer 6

MI, revascularization or sudden death in first relative (<65 yrs for females)

Question 7

Smoking RF

Answer 7

1 modifiable RF

current smoker/someone who quit in the last 6mths/exposure to tobacco

2-4 fold inc. in CVD risk in those that smoke; inc. smoking -> inc. risk for CVD

Question 8

Hypertension RF

Answer 8

SBP >140 and/or DBP >90 (more than once) OR on anti-HTN meds

more common in men up to 55 yrs

more common in

1. Elderly
2. A.A
3. Southeastern US

Question 9

Factors affecting HTN (6)

Answer 9

1. Obesity
2. Salt/sodium intake
3. Smoking
4. alcohol
5. insufficient potassium
6. inactivity

Question 10

Lifestyle mods to control HTN

Answer 10

1. Get normal body fat lvls
2. Limit alcohol intake to 1 per day
3. Exercise regularly (40-60% VO2 max)
4. Reduce Na+ intake (<2300 mg/day)
5. Stop smoking
6. Reduce dietary fat and cholesterol

Question 11

Dylipidemia definition

Answer 11

high choles.

Question 12

Dyslipidemia RF

Answer 12

LDL > 130 md/dL
HDL < 40 mg/dL
Total > 200 mg/dL
OR on lipid lowering meds

Question 13

If HDL is >60 mg/dL…

Answer 13

…can be considered a NEGATIVE risk factor (-1)

Question 14

Lifestyle mods to control CHOL (4)

Answer 14

1. dietary control
2. body fat control
3. increase PA
4. medication

Question 15

Pre diabetes definition

Answer 15

impaired fasting glucose (100mg/dL< x < 125 mg/dL) (more than one measurement)

Question 16

Diabetes RF

Answer 16

diabetic women have higher CVD risk than men (related to other conditions)

prone to silent MIs

comorbidities accelerate atherogenesis (CVD)

Question 17

Ideal fasting blood glucose lvl

Answer 17

<100 mg/dL

Question 18

Lifestyle mods to control blood glucose lvls (3)

Answer 18

1. diet
2. exercise
3. medications

Question 19

Exercise and diabetes (6)

Answer 19

1. Imp insulin sensitivity
2. promotes fat loss
3. imp peripheral hemodynamic fcn
4. imp CVD risk
5. red in dosage/need for insulin
6. enhancement of QOL