Medications

Question 1

Diuretics (“water pills”)

1. uses
2. how they work
3. side effects
4. Effect on Ex.
5. Common names

Answer 1

1. HTN, CHF, edema, some kidney disorders
2. inhibit absorption of Na+, make kidneys produce more urine to excrete Na+ (relaxes blood vessels)
3. May lose K+ and electrolytes, may raise chol., dehydration
4. No impact on ex rx
5. Lasik, HCTZ (first line of rx for HTN)

Question 2

Beta Blockers

1. uses
2. how they work
3. side effects
4. Effect on Ex.
5. Common names

Answer 2

1. HTN, angina, CAD, CHF, arrhythmias
2. block beta receptors –> lowers HR & BP –> decr. load on heart
3. (+) decrease mortality with MIs, (+) slow progression of CHF, (+) suppress minor arrhythmias, (-) impotence, (-) faitgue
4. Target HR 10% less than normal, RHR & BP are decr. (blunts response to ex.)
5. ends in “-lol”

Question 3

Calcium Channel Blockers

1. uses
2. how they work
3. side effects
4. Effect on Ex.
5. Common names

Answer 3

1. HTN, angina
2. block Ca2+ from cell, relaxes cell walls
3. edema, constipation, fatigue, headaches, dizziness, decr. HR
4. Ex decr. side effects
5. ends in “-dipine”

Question 4

Nitrates

1. uses
2. how they work
3. side effects
4. Effect on Ex.
5. Common names

Answer 4

1. angina (sometimes CHF)
2. potent vasodialators
3. decr. BP, incr. HR, do not take with viagra
4. do not return to X after taking tablet
5. Nitro glycerine

Question 5

NTG protocol

Answer 5

Take 1 Nitro for CP, wait 5 min. If CP persists, take 1 nitro and wait 5 min. If CP persists take 1 nitro and call 911

Question 6

Cardiac GLycosides

1. uses
2. how they work
3. side effects
4. Effect on Ex.
5. Common names

Answer 6

1. CHF, suppraventricular arrhythmias
2. pumping will be more effective
3. toxic, may incr, HR
4. Take caution to not over ex
5. Digoxin, Digtalis

Question 7

Class1B Antiarrhythmic

1. uses
2. how they work

Answer 7

1. treat ventricular arrhythmias

2. decr. action potential

Question 8

Class 2 Antiarrhythmic

1. uses
2. how they work

Answer 8

1. vent. and suppra vent/ arrhythmias

2. reduce oxygen consumption, decrease ischemia

Question 9

Class 3 Antiarrhythmic

1. uses
2. how they work

Answer 9

1. Afib. a flutter, vFib

2. acts on K+ fluctuations, incr. action potential in myocytes

Question 10

Class 4 Antiarrhytmic

1. uses
2. how they work

Answer 10

1. decr. vent rate for afib and aflutter

2. Ca2+ channel blockers

Question 11

Adenosine

1. uses

Answer 11

1. suppravent. arrhythmias

Question 12

Ace Inhibtiors

1. uses
2. how they work
3. side effects
4. Effect on Ex.
5. Common names

Answer 12

1. HTN CHF decr. heart attacks/stroke/mortality in CAD
2. angiotensin converting enzyme, helps move blood through body,
3. Dry persistant cough
4. N/A
5. “-pril”

Question 13

Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blockers (ARB)

1. uses
2. how they work
3. side effects
4. Effect on Ex.
5. Common names

Answer 13

1. HTN
2. block action of angiotensin 2
3. no cough
4. BP monitoring, maintain normal HR
5. N/A

Question 14

Anti-thrombolytic agents

1. uses
2. how they work
3. side effects
4. Effect on Ex.
5. Common names

Answer 14

1. blood thinner for MIs, stroke, stent, high risk for stroke
2. thins blood PRO
3. bleed easily
4. bleed easily, muscle repair, bruise easily
5. Coumadin

Question 15

Statins

1. uses
2. how they work
3. side effects
4. Effect on Ex.
5. Common names

Answer 15

1. lower chol. (decr. MI, decr. mortality in CAD)
2. decr. LDL, incr. HDL
3. leg cramps, jt inflammation, lover toxicity
4. N/A
5. “-statin”