Medical Eval of CAD (Exam 1)

Question 1

Red flag symptoms (5)

Answer 1

1. chest pain
2. HTN
3. Rapid HR
4. fatigue
5. SOB

Question 2

Non-invasive procedures (6)

Answer 2

1. Resting ECG
2. Holter monitoring
3. Event recording (King of Hearts)
4. GRX
5. Echocardiogram
6. Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP)

Question 3

Resting ECG

Answer 3

inexpensice, reliable baseline info

Question 4

Holter monitoring

Answer 4

24 hr ECG
applied by tech
used in conjuncture with diary of events

Question 5

King of Hearts (event recorder)

Answer 5

self applied

ECG over several weeks

Question 6

Stress testing (GRX)

Answer 6

usually on treadmill

trying to induce symptoms

Question 7

Echocardiogram

Answer 7

ultrasound for the heart- can show hypertrophy of left ventricle or heart structure damage

Question 8

EECP

Answer 8

for when angina pts have tried all other RX and failed to improve.

done over svrl months; designed to decreased afterload and increase preload, increasing the body’s ability to keep up with demand

Question 9

Invasive procedues (9)

Answer 9

1. Radionuclide GRX
2. Medical stress test
3. cornoary catherization
4. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angiogram
5. Coronary artery bypass graft
6. heart transplant
7. Ventricular assist device
8. pacemaker
9. AICD- automatic implantable cardiovarting defibrillation

Question 10

Radionuclide GRX

Answer 10

Uses radioactive tracer & resting/stress images to find blockages/lack of blood flow

Question 11

Why do invasive procedures

Answer 11

non-invasive inconclusive OR strong likelihood significant disease was pinpointed

Question 12

medical stress test

Answer 12

for those unable to do physical stress; undergo chem stress (vasodialator)

Question 13

cardiac catherization

Answer 13

identify size/location of fat/calcium deposits

Question 14

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary angiogram (PTCA)

Answer 14

opens blocked coronary arteries via catheter.

Atherectomy
Angioplasty

Question 15

Atherecotmy

Answer 15

tiny blades on balloon to remove plaque; minimally invasive blockages

Question 16

Angioplasty

Answer 16

stent placed

Question 17

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

Answer 17

healthy artery/vein connected to blocked coronary artery

for severe blockages in large arteries

Question 18

Heart transplant

Answer 18

end stage heart failure or sever CAD

have to be close to transplant hospital. Most pts die on the list

Question 19

Ventricular assist device

Answer 19

LVAD= left VAD (replaces the dysfunctional left ventricle)

mechanically pumps blood from ventricles into the body

used when dysfcn in 1+ ventricles

waiting for/not eligible for transplant

Question 20

pacemaker

Answer 20

controls arrythmias

uses electrical pulse keep normal rates

can relieve arrythmia symptoms

Question 21

Automatic Implantable Cardioverter defibrillator

Answer 21

controls life threatening arrythmias.