Pulmonary Structure, FCn and disease. (exam 1)

Question 1

Anatomy of ventilation (5)

Answer 1

1. air enters trachea
2. trachea -> bronchi
3. Bronchi -> bronchioles
4. Bronchioles -> alveoli
5. Gas exchange occurs in alveoli

Question 2

Conduction zone

Answer 2

anatomic dead space

air transport, warming, humidfication and filtration

Question 3

respiratory zone

Answer 3

gas exchange

surfactant produc.

not 100% efficient

Question 4

tidal vol

Answer 4

normal inspiration and expiration

Question 5

inspiratory reserve vol

Answer 5

inspiratory capacity above TV

Question 6

expiratory reserve vol

Answer 6

expiratory capacity below TV

Question 7

Forced vital capacity

Answer 7

TV+ IRV+ ERV

Question 8

Residual lung volume

Answer 8

air remaining in lungs afer ERV

Question 9

Total lung capacity

Answer 9

TV+ IRV+ ERV+ RV

Question 10

Imaging Tests (3)

Answer 10

1. Chest x-ray
2. Computerized tomography (CT scan)
3. Echocardiogram

Question 11

Pulmonary Fcn tests (3)

Answer 11

1. Spirometry
2. Oximetry
3. exercise stress test

Question 12

spirometry

Answer 12

exhale quickly and forcefully through a tube

measure how much air lungs can hold and how quick air moved out of the lungs

Question 13

oximetry

Answer 13

measures oxygen saturation (pulse oximeter; placed on finger)

Normal range 95-99% (<94%= hypoxia = oxygen suppplement)

Question 14

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Answer 14

progressive disease

smoking = leading cause

coughing, producing excess mucus, wheezing, SOB, chest tightness etc.

Exphysemma, chronic bronchitis

Question 15

COPD breakdown

Answer 15

Les air flows in/out of airways:

• airways/alveoli loss elasticity
• walls b/t alveoli are destroyed
• walls of airways become thick/inflammed
• airways make more mucus than usual -> clogged

Question 16

Restrictive lung disease

Answer 16

difficulty fully expanding lungs -> reduced lung volume