Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

0 BOARDS > risk assessment > Flashcards

risk assessment Flashcards

1
Q

How often does a 20 yo. F need to receive a clinical breast exam?

A

every 3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

total cholesterol & HDL: when to start checking? how often to check?

A

start at 20

repeat every 5 years unless chol above 200 mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you manage high lipid panel results?

A

LDL: statin
HDL: changing lifestyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When are mammography indicated and how often should they be repeated?

A

start at 40 and repeat every 2 - 3 years

from 40 - 74, repeat annually (or as long as in good health)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When is an EKG indicated during a health screening? How often should it be repeated?

A

at 40 to provide baseline

repeat every 2 years if cardiac risk factors present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How often should a male receive a fecal occult blood test to assess for colorectal cancer?

A

annually starting at age 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When is it appropriate to discontinue PAP smear and cytology screening in women?

A

when older than 65 - 70

discontinue after 3 consecutive normal cytology tests and no abnormal tests in past 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Women and men over 60 years old should have a complete physical exam how often?

A

Every 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the leading cause of death of African-American M lt35 yo?

A

Homicide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pneumonia and influenza in elderly adults

A

top killer, often requires hospitalization in this population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Top 4 killers of adults in the United States

A
  1. heart disease (CAD)
  2. cancer
  3. lower respiratory disease (asthma, COPD)
  4. CVA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What syndrome is associated with cardioembolic events (CAD & CVA)?

A

metabolic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which cancer has the highest mortality in both adult men and women in the United States?

A

LUNG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Leading GYN cancer mortality in women?

A

OVARIAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you screen for ovarian cancer?

A

Siiiike! THERE IS NONE!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Other than skin cancer, cancer with highest incidence in women?

A

BREAST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the mortality rate associated with breast cancer in women?

A

Low. 95% survival rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the second most common cancer mortality in men?

A

PROSTATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the second leading cancer mortality in men and women combined?

A

COLORECTAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

immunizations and vaccinations are an example of what kind of prevention?

A

primary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is secondary prevention?

A

Early identification AND treatment of existing problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pap smear is what kind of prevention?

A

Secondary

Screening = Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A

Rehabilitation and restoration of health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cardiac rehabilitation s/p acute MI is what kind of prevention?

A

Tertiary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Skilled Nursing Facility is what kind of prevention?

A

Tertiary: restoration & rehabilitation of health.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Side effect of St. John’s Wort

A

↑ risk of clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

St. John’s Wort is contraindicated in combination with?

A

SSRI - Serotonin Syndrome

beware, SJW is often used for depression!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which herbal therapies are associated with increased risk of bleeding?

A

G whiz, you’re bleeding!

Ginger
Ginseng
Garlic
Gingko Bilboa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which herbal therapy should be used cautiously in DM patients and why?

A

Evening Primrose (risk for hyperglycemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which of the following is a contraindication to receiving the influenza vaccination?

a. PCN allergy
b. Being pregnant
c. Being immunocompromised
d. Allergic to eggs

A

D. Influenza is contraindicated in egg allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Can a pregnant woman receive an influenza vaccination?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When individuals are immunized with a vaccine, the type of immunity is called:

a. natural immunity
b. artificially acquired immunity
c. passive immunity
d. none of the above

A

B. artificially acquired immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Elevated homocystine levels are associated with:

a. ARF
b. PNA
c. premature CAD
d. GERD

A

C. thombosis and premature CAD cause elevated homocystine levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Which of the following is an example of primary prevention:

a. mammogram
b. pneumococcal vaccine
c. pap smear
d. controlling HTN

A

b

35
Q

What is the best way to detect breast cancer?

A

Mammogram

36
Q

The leading cause of death in adolescents

A

MVC

37
Q

CEA is most useful for the monitoring the activity of:

a. breast cancer
b. melanoma
c. thyroid cancer
d. colorectal cancer

A

Colorectal cancer

38
Q

Screening is defined as:

A

detection of a disease process before occurrence of symptoms

39
Q

Sensitivity of a test is defined as the:

A

Probability that a test will be positive if the disease is positive

40
Q

Which of the following patients should be treated with a cholesterol-lowering agent?

a. 40 M LDL cholesterol of 100
b. 55 yo. post-menopausal F with LDL 170 despite diet and exercise
c. 60 M with HDL 35
d. 25 yo. M with family hx of CAD

A

B

41
Q

How often should a 68 yo. F have a pap smear?

A

There is no need for her to have a PAP smear if the three previous tests were negative

42
Q

Varicella is an example of what type of vaccine?

A

Attenuated vaccine

43
Q

Pneumococcal vaccine contraindications

A

Hodgkins lymphoma
active disease
pregnancy

44
Q

Which of the following vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy:

a. influenza
b. varicella
c. hep b
d. none of the above

A

varicella (live)

45
Q

In which age range can HPV vaccine series be given?

How is the series administered?

A

give between 10 - 25; three shot series

Gardasil: 0, 2mo, 6 mo
Cervarix: 0, 1mo, 6mo

46
Q

How often is TDAP given?

A

every 10 years

47
Q

pneumococcal vaccine: given to these 5 populations

A 
smokers/asthmatics 19 - 64
immunocompromised
chronic disease
nursing home or LTCF
65+
48
Q

At what age should complete physicals occur, and how often should they be done?

A

20, every 5 - 6 years

at age 60, every 2 years

49
Q

At what age should conventional paps start and how often should they be repeated?

A

21, repeat every 3 years if no abnormalities

50
Q

At what age should HPV co-test paps start and how often should they be repeated?

A

30, every 5 years if no abnormalities

no for women any younger!

51
Q

At what age should clinical breast exams start? How often should they be repeated?

A

age 21 (same for self exams) and repeat every 3 years

at age 40, switch to annually

52
Q

How often should men perform self breast and testicular exams? At what age should they begin?

A

start at adolescence, perform monthly

53
Q

BP: When to start monitoring, normal range, how often to repeat?

A

start at 20
normal 120/80
repeat with every visit or every 2 years

54
Q

Zostavax should be given when? What is it for?

A

give at 50 once - for herpes zoster

55
Q

What are the two prostate screening exams? At what age should they begin and how often should they be repeated?

A

digital rectal exam (DRE) & prostate surface antigen (PSA)
- DRE & PSA should be done annually from 50

UNLESS: family hx of prostate cancer or black
- perform annually from age 40

56
Q

what are the three colorectal cancer screening tests?

at what age should colorectal cancer screening begin and how often should they be repeated?

A

begin screening at 50

  • fecal occult blood test (FOBT): repeat annually
  • flexible sigmoidoscopy: repeat every 5 years
  • colonoscopy
    • total colon exam: repeat every 10 years
    • double contrast barium enema: repeat every 5 - 10 years
57
Q

What is glaucoma screening and its normal range, when should it begin, how often should it be done?

A

tonometry (normal 10 - 20 mmHg)

begin at 40 - 59 and repeat annually

58
Q

Ratio of adults who get shingles?

A

1 in 3

59
Q

Pneumococcal vaccine should be given at what age?

A

65+

3x max per CDC

60
Q

What kind of prevention are screening tests?

A

secondary

S = secondary = screening

61
Q

incidence vs prevalence

A

FREQUENCY at which disease appears in population during specific time + RATE at which new cases occur during specific time

VS

PROPORTION of population affected by disease during specific time

62
Q

What is the leading killer of black men and women under 40?

A

AIDS (HIV contracted in teens)

63
Q

top 3 causes of death in young adults (20 - 39)

A

MVC
homicide
suicide

64
Q

top 3 causes of death in middle aged adults (40 - 59)

A

heart disease
accidents
lung cancer

65
Q

top 3 causes of death in elderly adults (60+)

A

heart disease
CVA
COPD

66
Q

Other than skin cancer, what is the second most common cancer in men?

A

PROSTATE

it is also the second leading cancer mortality

67
Q

Recommended intake of carbs, fats, protein?

A

carbs: 50 - 60% total calories
fats: under 30% total calories + saturated fat under 10% total calories
proteins: 0.8 - 1.0 g/kg/day

68
Q

5 benefits of exercise

A

↓ LDL, stress, signs of aging

↑ BMR, cardiovascular fitness

69
Q

American Heart Association reccomendations for exercise x2

A
  • exercise at least 30+ min most days of week

- target heart rate should be sustained for 30 minutes (improves conditioning)

70
Q

35+ who have never exercised regularly should do what first? x3

A

complete history
physical exam
exercise stress test

71
Q

typhoid immunization is what kind of immunity?

A

ACTIVE - ab stimulated with specific antigen

72
Q

gamma globulin is what kind of immunity?

A

PASSIVE

73
Q

maternal immunity transferred to fetus is what kind of immunity?

A

PASSIVE

74
Q

vaccination is what kind of immunity?

A

ACTIVE ACQUIRED

75
Q

comorbs warranting pneumococcal vaccine admin

A
  • lung, heart, liver, kidney disease

- chronic diseases like DM, cirrhosis, sickle cell, alcoholism, etc

76
Q

Consider Hep A vaccine if…

A

military, travel to endemic area, MSM

77
Q

Consider Hep B vaccine if…

A

all health care workers, high risk pts (includes sexually active),

78
Q

which hepatitis is a risk factor for fulminant liver failure?

A

Hep B

79
Q

meningococcal vaccine is approved for what ages? recommended as routine for what ages? catch up for what ages?

A

approved for 2 - 55
routine for 11 - 12
catch up for college, military, immunecompromised, travellers to Africa

80
Q

SJW may potentiate what important drug class?

A

NARCOTICS

81
Q

herbal therapies used for lady problems

A

black cohosh

evening primrose

82
Q

kava kava + alcohol

A

alcohol increases toxic effects!

83
Q

evening primrose + DM

A

may elevate blood glucose so beware!

0 BOARDS (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions